ADCO-FENOTEROL 0,5 mg/2 ml

Indications

• Asthma
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
• Bronchospasm

Dosage

Children: Refer to the BNF for Children for specific dosing recommendations.

Adults: Refer to the BNF for specific dosing recommendations.

Mechanism of action

Fenoterol stimulates beta(2)-adrenergic receptors in the lung, which causes relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle, resulting in bronchodilation and increased bronchial airflow.

Pharmacodynamics

Fenoterol is a beta agonist designed to open up the airways to the lungs by decreasing bronchoconstriction. By activating beta-2 receptors, it enhances airflow and reduces airway resistance, making it effective in relieving symptoms of bronchospasm.

Pharmacokinetics

Fenoterol is rapidly absorbed after inhalation, with peak plasma concentrations typically occurring within 1 to 2 hours. It has a half-life of approximately 3 to 6 hours. The drug is metabolized in the liver and excreted primarily in the urine, with renal clearance being a significant pathway for its elimination.

Adverse effects

• Tachycardia
• Palpitations
• Tremor
• Headache
• Dizziness
• Nausea
• Muscle cramps

Precautions

• Use with caution in patients with cardiovascular disease
• Monitor in patients with hyperthyroidism
• Caution in patients with diabetes mellitus due to potential hyperglycemia

Pregnancy

Use only if clearly needed and the benefits outweigh the risks, as limited data are available on the safety of fenoterol during pregnancy.

Breast-feeding

Fenoterol is excreted in breast milk, therefore caution should be exercised when administering to breastfeeding women.

Storage

Store at room temperature, away from moisture and heat. Keep out of reach of children.

Formulations

• Inhaler
• Nebuliser solution

Indications

• Respiratory conditions (e.g., asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)
• Cough (e.g., as an antitussive)
• Anxiety and sleep disorders (when associated with specific formulations)

Dosage

Children: Refer to the BNF for Children for appropriate dosing information, as it is determined based on weight and age for the specific formulation.

Adults: Refer to the specific product monograph for dosing information, as it varies based on the drug formulation and indication.

Mechanism of action

Hydrobromides often act as competitive antagonists or agonists at specific receptor sites, depending on the drug involved. The exact mechanism can vary widely, but many hydrobromide-containing drugs modulate neurotransmitter activity, impacting various pathways in the body such as those involved in the central nervous system or respiratory function. The metabolic pathways include Phase I reactions primarily mediated by cytochrome P450 enzymes, which facilitate the functionalization and clearance of these compounds.

Pharmacodynamics

The pharmacodynamics of hydrobromide salts are largely determined by the specific drug they are associated with. Generally, hydrobromides may exhibit effects such as sedation, bronchodilation, or antitussive actions. The efficacy and adverse effects are influenced by the drug's receptor selectivity, affinity, and the pharmacological properties inherent to the parent compound.

Pharmacokinetics

Hydrobromides typically exhibit variable pharmacokinetic profiles depending on the specific drug formulation. They are generally absorbed rapidly following oral administration, with peak plasma concentrations occurring within a few hours. Metabolism primarily occurs in the liver through cytochrome P450 enzymes, particularly CYP2E1, among others. The elimination half-life varies but is often in the range of several hours, allowing for once or twice-daily dosing in many formulations. Excretion is usually via the kidneys, with metabolites being eliminated in urine.

Pregnancy

There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Use only if clearly needed and the potential benefits justify the potential risks to the fetus.

Breast-feeding

Caution is advised; consider the importance of the drug to the mother against potential risks to the breastfeeding infant.

Storage

Store in a cool, dry place away from light. Keep out of reach of children.

Mechanism of action

Beta(2)-receptor stimulation in the lung causes relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle, bronchodilation, and increased bronchial airflow.

Pharmacodynamics

Fenoterol is a beta agonist designed to open up the airways to the lungs by decreasing bronchconstriction.