ALBEN BLUE 2.5%

Indications

• Neurocysticercosis
• Echinococcosis
• Ascariasis
• Hookworm infections
• Enterobiasis (pinworm infection)
• Strongyloidiasis
• Giardiasis
• Trichuriasis

Dosage

Adults: Refer to the specific guidelines or BNF for exact dosing recommendations based on

Mechanism of action

Albendazole works by inhibiting the polymerization of tubulin into microtubules, disrupting the cytoplasmic microtubule formation in the parasite. This leads to impaired glucose uptake, glycogen depletion, and ultimately, the death of the parasite. Additionally, it may induce mitochondrial damage and interfere with the metabolic processes of the parasite.

Pharmacodynamics

Albendazole exhibits a dose-dependent anthelmintic effect. Its activity is primarily associated with its ability to hinder the energy metabolism of helminths. The drug is effective against larval and adult forms of the parasites, resulting in both adulticidal and larvicidal effects. The effectiveness against tissue-dwelling parasites is particularly relevant in cases of neurocysticercosis, where it can reduce the cysts and associated symptoms.

Pharmacokinetics

Albendazole has a poor oral bioavailability due to extensive first-pass metabolism, but its bioavailability can be increased when taken with fatty meals. It is rapidly absorbed and is metabolized in the liver to its active metabolite, albendazole sulfoxide. The drug and its metabolites are primarily excreted in urine. The half-life of albendazole is approximately 8 to 12 hours, but the active metabolite may have a longer duration of action. It is also important to note that the pharmacokinetics can vary based on the specific parasite being targeted.

Contra-indications

• Hypersensitivity to albendazole or any of its components
• Severe liver disease
• Pregnancy (especially in the first trimester)

Adverse effects

• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Abdominal pain
• Diarrhea
• Headache
• Dizziness
• Liver enzyme elevation
• Alopecia
• Bone marrow suppression (rare)

Interactions

• Cimetidine may increase albendazole plasma concentrations
• Anticonvulsants may reduce the effectiveness of albendazole
• Praziquantel may increase albendazole levels

Precautions

• Use with caution in patients with liver impairment
• Monitor liver function tests during therapy
• Use in patients with a history of bone marrow suppression requires caution
• Not recommended for use in children under 2 years old without specialist advice

Pregnancy

Albendazole is contraindicated during pregnancy, especially in the first trimester due to potential teratogenic effects.

Breast-feeding

Albendazole is excreted in breast milk. Caution should be exercised when administering to a nursing mother.

Storage

Store at room temperature, away from moisture and heat. Keep out of reach of children.

Formulations

• Albendazole 400 mg tablet
• Albendazole suspension (oral)