AMIDIOSTAT COMBINATION PRODUCT ORAL POWDER

Indications

• Coccidiosis in poultry
• Coccidiosis in livestock
• Prevention of coccidial infections in animals

Dosage

Children: Refer to veterinary guidelines for specific dosing for younger animals, as it may vary according to weight and age.

Adults: Refer to veterinary guidelines for specific dosing based on the type of animal and severity of infection.

Mechanism of action

Amprolium acts as a thiamine antagonist, inhibiting the uptake of thiamine in the protozoa. This leads to depletion of thiamine within the parasites, which is essential for their energy metabolism and growth. The lack of thiamine disrupts several metabolic pathways, ultimately resulting in the death of the parasitic organisms.

Pharmacodynamics

Amprolium exhibits selective toxicity towards protozoa by exploiting the differences in thiamine metabolism between the host and the parasite. The drug's action is primarily coccidiostatic, preventing the development and reproduction of Eimeria species. The effectiveness of amprolium is influenced by factors such as the specific strain of Eimeria, the dosage administered, and the duration of treatment.

Pharmacokinetics

Amprolium is well absorbed after oral administration, with peak plasma concentrations occurring within a few hours. It is primarily metabolized in the liver, and its metabolites are excreted mainly through the urine. The drug has a relatively short half-life, necessitating multiple doses for effective treatment. The pharmacokinetic profile may vary between species, and veterinary guidelines should be followed for specific dosing regimens.

Adverse effects

• Anorexia
• Weight loss
• Neurological signs including ataxia
• Thiamine deficiency symptoms

Precautions

• Use with caution in animals with pre-existing neurological conditions
• Monitor for signs of thiamine deficiency

Pregnancy

There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant animals. Use with caution.

Breast-feeding

Not established. Caution is advised.

Storage

Store in a cool, dry place, away from light.

Formulations

• Oral powder
• Oral solution

Indications

• Protozoal infections
• Bacterial infections
• Veterinary uses in livestock and poultry
• Specific cases of gastrointestinal infections

Dosage

Children: Refer to BNF for Children for specific dosing recommendations.

Adults: Refer to BNF for specific dosing recommendations.

Mechanism of action

Furaltadone exerts its antimicrobial action through the inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis. It is believed to interact with the bacterial ribosomal RNA, disrupting protein synthesis and leading to cell death. The drug's nitrofuran structure allows for the generation of reactive intermediates that can damage bacterial DNA, further contributing to its antimicrobial effects.

Pharmacodynamics

Furaltadone demonstrates bactericidal and protozoacidal properties. Its effectiveness is attributed to its ability to penetrate microbial cells and interfere with essential cellular processes, such as DNA replication and protein synthesis. The drug's activity is influenced by factors such as pH and the presence of oxygen, with anaerobic conditions potentially reducing its efficacy.

Pharmacokinetics

Furaltadone is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, with peak plasma concentrations achieved within a few hours after administration. It is metabolized in the liver, and its metabolites are excreted primarily through the urine. The drug's half-life and clearance can vary based on individual patient factors, but it generally shows a moderate duration of action.

Contra-indications

• Hypersensitivity to furaltadone or any of its components
• Severe renal impairment
• Pregnancy
• Breastfeeding

Adverse effects

• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Abdominal pain
• Diarrhea
• Rash
• Headache
• Dizziness
• Allergic reactions

Interactions

• May enhance the effects of other nephrotoxic agents
• Potential interaction with anticoagulants, increasing the risk of bleeding

Precautions

• Caution in patients with pre-existing liver or kidney disease
• Monitor renal function during treatment
• Use in patients with a history of allergy to nitrofurans cautiously

Pregnancy

Furaltadone is contraindicated during pregnancy due to potential risks to the fetus.

Breast-feeding

Furaltadone is contraindicated during breastfeeding as it may harm the nursing infant.

Storage

Store in a cool, dry place away from direct light. Keep out of reach of children.

Formulations

• Tablet
• Suspension