ANTIPAN 20MG/1ML

Indications

• Irritable bowel syndrome
• Renal colic
• Gastrointestinal spasm
• Dyspepsia
• Cholecystitis

Dosage

Children: Refer to the BNF for Children for appropriate dosing information in paediatric patients.

Adults: Refer to the specific product information for adult dosing guidelines, which typically involve 10 mg taken 3 times daily as needed.

Mechanism of action

Hyoscine butylbromide acts as a competitive antagonist at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. By blocking these receptors, it reduces the effects of acetylcholine, which normally promotes smooth muscle contraction in the gastrointestinal and urinary tracts. This results in a decrease in peristalsis and glandular secretion, ultimately alleviating spasms and cramping.

Pharmacodynamics

The pharmacodynamic effects of hyoscine butylbromide include smooth muscle relaxation and reduced motility in the gastrointestinal and urinary tracts. The onset of action typically occurs within 30 minutes, with a duration of effect lasting several hours. The drug is particularly effective in alleviating the discomfort associated with smooth muscle spasms.

Pharmacokinetics

Hyoscine butylbromide is well absorbed following oral administration, with peak plasma concentrations typically occurring within 1 hour. It has a relatively short half-life of approximately 6 hours and is primarily excreted unchanged in the urine. The drug's bioavailability may be affected by factors such as food intake, and it is generally not recommended for use in patients with severe renal impairment.

Contra-indications

• Hypersensitivity to hyoscine butylbromide or any component of the formulation
• Myasthenia gravis
• Glaucoma
• Prostatic hypertrophy
• Obstructive gastrointestinal conditions

Adverse effects

• Dry mouth
• Constipation
• Dizziness
• Blurred vision
• Nausea
• Headache
• Palpitations
• Tachycardia

Interactions

• Anticholinergic drugs may enhance the effects of hyoscine butylbromide
• Concurrent use with other medications causing anticholinergic effects may increase the risk of side effects
• Caution when used with drugs that can cause tachycardia

Precautions

• Use with caution in patients with cardiovascular disease
• Caution in elderly patients due to increased sensitivity to anticholinergic effects
• Monitor for signs of urinary retention
• Avoid use in patients with a history of intestinal obstruction

Pregnancy

Hyoscine butylbromide should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Consult healthcare professionals for guidance.

Breast-feeding

Hyoscine butylbromide may pass into breast milk. Caution is advised when administering to nursing mothers.

Storage

Store in a cool, dry place, away from direct light. Keep out of reach of children.

Formulations

• Tablets
• Injectable solutions
• Oral solutions

Indications

• Abdominal pain
• Gastrointestinal spasms
• Renal colic
• Biliary colic
• Irritable bowel syndrome

Dosage

Children: For children aged 6 to 12 years, the recommended dose is 5

Adults: For adults, the usual dosage is 10 mg to 20 mg taken three times a day by oral route, or 20 mg by intramuscular or intravenous injection, as needed.

Mechanism of action

Hyoscinenbutylbromide acts as a competitive antagonist of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. By blocking the action of acetylcholine on these receptors, it inhibits the parasympathetic nervous system's effect on smooth muscle contraction, leading to relaxation of the smooth muscles in the gastrointestinal and urinary tracts.

Pharmacodynamics

The antispasmodic effects of hyoscinenbutylbromide result in reduced motility of the gastrointestinal tract, alleviating symptoms of cramping and spasms. The drug does not penetrate the blood-brain barrier significantly, which minimizes central nervous system side effects typically associated with other anticholinergic agents. The onset of action is usually rapid, with effects lasting for several hours, depending on the route of administration.

Pharmacokinetics

Hyoscinenbutylbromide is well absorbed following oral administration. It has a bioavailability that may vary based on the formulation. The drug is metabolized primarily in the liver, and its elimination half-life is generally around 4 to 6 hours. Renal excretion plays a significant role in the elimination of its metabolites. The drug's pharmacokinetic profile may be influenced by factors such as age, liver function, and the presence of other medications.

Contra-indications

• Hypersensitivity to hyoscine butylbromide or any of the excipients
• Myasthenia gravis
• Severe ulcerative colitis
• Acute glaucoma
• Prostatic hypertrophy

Adverse effects

• Dry mouth
• Constipation
• Blurred vision
• Dizziness
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Tachycardia

Interactions

• Anticholinergic drugs may increase the effects of hyoscine butylbromide
• Increased effects when used with other CNS depressants
• Antihistamines may have additive anticholinergic effects

Precautions

• Use with caution in patients with renal impairment
• Caution in patients with cardiovascular disease
• Avoid in patients with a history of gastroesophageal reflux disease

Pregnancy

Hyoscine butylbromide should be used in pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.

Breast-feeding

Hyoscine butylbromide is excreted in breast milk. Caution is advised when administering to breastfeeding mothers.

Storage

Store below 25°C. Protect from light.

Formulations

• Tablets
• Injection solution