ANXILO

Indications

• Anxiety disorders
• Generalized anxiety disorder
• Panic disorder
• Acute stress reactions

Dosage

Children: Refer to the BNF for Children for paediatric dosing recommendations as they are not specified here.

Adults: The usual adult dosage is 100 mg to 200 mg taken orally, divided into two or three doses per day.

Mechanism of action

Etifoxine acts by enhancing the action of GABA at the GABA-A receptor, leading to increased chloride ion influx and hyperpolarization of neuronal membranes. It is also thought to modulate neurosteroid levels, which contribute to its anxiolytic effects, promoting a calming effect without the sedative properties typically associated with benzodiazepines.

Pharmacodynamics

Etifoxine exhibits anxiolytic effects through its action on GABA receptors, leading to reduced neuronal excitability. Its neuroprotective properties may result from its ability to modulate neurosteroid levels and influence brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which is important for neuronal survival and plasticity.

Pharmacokinetics

Etifoxine is well-absorbed following oral administration, with peak plasma concentrations typically reached within a few hours. It is metabolized in the liver, with various pathways leading to the formation of active metabolites. The drug has a moderate half-life, allowing for once or twice daily dosing. Elimination is primarily via the kidneys.

Contra-indications

• Hypersensitivity to etifoxine or any of its components
• Severe hepatic impairment

Adverse effects

• Drowsiness
• Fatigue
• Dizziness
• Nausea
• Skin rash
• Gastrointestinal disturbances

Interactions

• Caution is advised when used with central nervous system depressants
• May enhance the effects of alcohol

Precautions

• Use with caution in patients with a history of liver disease
• Monitor for signs of sedation or excessive drowsiness

Pregnancy

There is limited data on the use of etifoxine in pregnancy. It should only be used if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.

Breast-feeding

It is not known whether etifoxine is excreted in human milk. Caution should be exercised when administering to nursing mothers.

Storage

Store at room temperature, away from moisture and light. Keep out of reach of children.

Formulations

• Tablets