ARTESIANE 20MG/ML INJECTION

Indications

• Uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria
• Malaria prophylaxis in endemic areas (when used in combination therapy)

Dosage

Children: Refer to local guidelines and BNF for Children for specific dosing information, as paediatric dosing is typically weight-based and may vary depending on age and clinical condition.

Adults: Refer to local guidelines and BNF for specific dosing information, as individual patient factors and regional resistance patterns can influence dosing.

Mechanism of action

Betaartmether exerts its antimalarial effects through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) after activation by heme, which is released during the digestion of hemoglobin by malaria parasites. These ROS cause damage to the parasite's membranes and proteins, leading to its death. The drug is thought to also interfere with the parasite's ability to regulate calcium homeostasis, further contributing to its efficacy.

Pharmacodynamics

Betaartmether is rapidly effective against early-stage malaria infections. It acts quickly to reduce parasitemia and alleviate symptoms associated with malaria. The drug's quick action is beneficial in treating acute malaria episodes, although it does not provide long-term prophylaxis. Its antimalarial activity is dose-dependent, with higher doses correlating with more significant reductions in parasite load.

Pharmacokinetics

Betaartmether is absorbed efficiently in the gastrointestinal tract, with peak plasma concentrations typically reached within 1 to 2 hours post-administration. It has a relatively short half-life, which necessitates multiple doses or combination therapy to maintain therapeutic levels. The drug is extensively metabolized in the liver, primarily by cytochrome P450 enzymes, leading to active metabolites that also contribute to its antimalarial effect. Excretion occurs mainly via the kidneys, emphasizing the need for caution in patients with renal impairment.

Adverse effects

• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Abdominal pain
• Headache
• Dizziness
• Fatigue

Precautions

• Monitor liver function during treatment.
• Use with caution in patients with a history of hypersensitivity to artemisinin derivatives.
• Caution in patients with pre-existing conditions such as epilepsy or other seizure disorders.

Pregnancy

Betaartmether should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Consult a healthcare professional.

Breast-feeding

Betaartmether is excreted in breast milk. Caution is advised when administering to nursing mothers.

Storage

Store in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight. Keep out of reach of children.

Formulations

• Oral tablets
• Injectable solution