BETAGESIC 200MG TABLETS

Indications

• Mild to moderate pain relief
• Fever reduction
• Management of inflammatory conditions such as arthritis
• Dysmenorrhea
• Postoperative pain

Dosage

Children: Refer to BNF for Children for specific dosing guidelines.

Adults: Refer to BNF for specific dosing guidelines.

Mechanism of action

Ibuprofen exerts its effects primarily through the inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, which are involved in the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins. By inhibiting COX-1 and COX-2, ibuprofen reduces the synthesis of prostaglandins that mediate inflammation, pain, and fever.

Pharmacodynamics

The analgesic effect of ibuprofen begins within 30 minutes to 1 hour after administration, with peak effects occurring approximately 2 to 3 hours post-dose. Its anti-inflammatory action is due to the reduction of inflammatory mediators and the modulation of immune responses. The antipyretic effects are attributed to the inhibition of prostaglandin E2 in the hypothalamus, leading to a decrease in fever.

Pharmacokinetics

Ibuprofen is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, with a bioavailability of around 80-90%. Peak plasma concentrations are reached within 1 to 2 hours after oral administration. The drug is extensively metabolized in the liver, primarily via conjugation to glucuronides, and has a half-life of 2 to 4 hours. Ibuprofen and its metabolites are excreted predominantly through the kidneys.

Contra-indications

• Active peptic ulcer disease
• Severe heart failure
• History of gastrointestinal bleeding or perforation related to previous NSAID therapy
• Hypersensitivity to ibuprofen or any of its excipients
• Severe hepatic impairment
• Severe renal impairment

Adverse effects

• Gastrointestinal discomfort or pain
• Nausea and vomiting
• Diarrhea or constipation
• Headache
• Dizziness
• Rash or allergic reactions
• Increased blood pressure
• Kidney dysfunction
• Cardiovascular events (e.g., myocardial infarction, stroke)

Interactions

• Increased risk of gastrointestinal bleeding with other NSAIDs, anticoagulants, or antiplatelet agents
• May reduce the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors and diuretics
• Increased plasma concentrations of methotrexate and lithium
• Caution with concomitant use of corticosteroids due to increased risk of gastrointestinal complications

Precautions

• Use with caution in patients with pre-existing liver, kidney, or cardiovascular conditions
• Monitor renal function in patients with dehydration or those receiving diuretics
• Use with caution in elderly patients due to increased risk of adverse events
• Avoid use close to or during surgery due to potential for increased bleeding

Pregnancy

Use during pregnancy, particularly in the third trimester, is contraindicated due to potential risk of fetal cardiovascular effects and prolonged labor.

Breast-feeding

Ibuprofen is excreted in breast milk in small amounts, generally considered safe for use while breastfeeding.

Storage

Store at room temperature, away from moisture and direct sunlight. Keep out of reach of children.

Formulations

• Tablets
• Capsules
• Suspensions
• Topical gels or creams