Dawadime 33% Vet Solution

Indications

• Bacterial infections
• Urinary tract infections
• Respiratory tract infections
• Certain types of meningitis

Dosage

Children: Refer to the BNF for Children for appropriate dosing.

Adults: Refer to specific guidelines or the BNF for appropriate dosing.

Mechanism of action

Sulfadimide acts as a competitive inhibitor of the bacterial enzyme dihydropteroate synthase, which is crucial for the synthesis of folate. By blocking this enzyme, sulfadimide prevents the conversion of para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) to dihydropteroic acid, leading to a decrease in folate production. This ultimately inhibits bacterial growth and replication.

Pharmacodynamics

As a bacteriostatic agent, sulfadimide inhibits bacterial growth without killing the bacteria directly. The inhibition of folate synthesis disrupts essential metabolic processes, including DNA and RNA synthesis, which are necessary for bacterial growth and reproduction. The effectiveness of sulfadimide can be influenced by factors such as the presence of other medications, the specific bacteria involved, and the site of infection.

Pharmacokinetics

Sulfadimide is typically absorbed well from the gastrointestinal tract. It is distributed throughout the body and can penetrate various tissues and fluids. The drug is metabolized in the liver, primarily through acetylation and conjugation, and is excreted mainly via the kidneys. Its half-life can vary based on individual patient factors, including age, kidney function, and concurrent medications.

Contra-indications

• Hypersensitivity to sulfonamides
• Severe renal or hepatic impairment
• Porphyria
• Pregnancy (near term)

Adverse effects

• Allergic reactions (e.g., rash, fever)
• Gastrointestinal disturbances (e.g., nausea, vomiting)
• Hematological reactions (e.g., agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia)
• Kidney damage (e.g., crystalluria)
• Hepatitis
• Photosensitivity

Interactions

• May potentiate the effects of anticoagulants
• Increased risk of toxicity when used with methotrexate
• May interact with other drugs that are highly protein-bound

Precautions

• Monitor renal function during treatment
• Use with caution in patients with asthma or a history of allergic reactions
• Assess for potential drug interactions
• Hydration is important to prevent crystalluria

Pregnancy

Sulfadimide is generally contraindicated during pregnancy, especially near term, due to potential risks to the fetus.

Breast-feeding

Caution is advised as sulfadimide may pass into breast milk and could affect the nursing infant.

Storage

Store in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight. Keep out of reach of children.

Formulations

• Tablets
• Suspension