What it does
Erythropoietin is a hormone that helps your body produce more red blood cells.
Commonly used for: anemia (low red blood cell count), chronic kidney disease (long-term kidney problems), certain cancers
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Source: Pharmacy and Poisons Board · fetched 2026-01-28 21:24:53 · updated 2026-07-20 10:58:56
About this medicine
Erythropoietin is a hormone that helps your body produce more red blood cells.
What it treats
- anemia (low red blood cell count)
- chronic kidney disease (long-term kidney problems)
- certain cancers
How it works
It stimulates the bone marrow to make more red blood cells, which can help improve oxygen delivery in the body.
Who it's for
It is typically used for people with conditions that cause low red blood cell levels.
AI-assisted summary grounded in BNF data - general information only, not medical advice. Always confirm with your pharmacist or doctor.
Clinical monograph: erythropoeitin
Erythropoietin is a glycoprotein hormone primarily produced by the kidneys that stimulates the production of red blood cells (erythrocytes) in the bone marrow. It plays a crucial role in erythropoiesis, particularly in response to hypoxia or low oxygen levels in the blood. This hormone is utilized clinically to treat anemia, particularly in patients with chronic kidney disease, cancer chemotherapy-induced anemia, and certain other forms of anemia.
Indications
- Anemia of chronic kidney disease
- Anemia due to cancer chemotherapy
- Anemia in patients with HIV receiving zidovudine
- Anemia associated with rheumatoid arthritis or other chronic inflammatory diseases
Dosage
Children: The dosage for pediatric patients should be determined based on clinical guidelines and specific conditions, as well as individual patient considerations. Refer to the BNF for Children for detailed dosing information.
Adults: Dosage varies based on the specific indication and patient response. Generally, initial doses may range from 50 to 150 units/kg administered subcutaneously or intravenously. Dose adjustments are made based on hemoglobin levels and therapeutic response.
Mechanism of action
Erythropoietin binds to the erythropoietin receptor on erythroid progenitor cells in the bone marrow, activating intracellular signaling pathways that promote cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation into mature red blood cells. This action enhances the production of erythrocytes in response to decreased oxygen delivery to tissues.
Pharmacodynamics
The pharmacodynamic effects of erythropoietin include increased hemoglobin levels and hematocrit, leading to improved oxygen delivery to tissues. It also influences iron metabolism by stimulating the mobilization of iron stores and increasing the absorption of dietary iron, which is essential for hemoglobin synthesis.
Pharmacokinetics
Erythropoietin has a half-life of approximately 4 to 13 hours, depending on the route of administration. It is primarily eliminated through the kidneys. Peak plasma concentrations occur within 12 to 24 hours after subcutaneous administration. The bioavailability is lower when given intravenously compared to subcutaneous routes. The pharmacokinetic profile can be influenced by factors such as renal function and the presence of antibodies against erythropoietin.
Contra-indications
- Uncontrolled hypertension
- Pure red cell aplasia due to anti-erythropoietin antibodies
- Hypersensitivity to the active substance or to any of the excipients
Adverse effects
- Hypertension
- Headache
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Fatigue
- Dizziness
- Injection site reactions
- Thromboembolic events
Interactions
- Iron supplements may be required to ensure adequate erythropoiesis
- Potential interaction with agents that affect blood pressure
Precautions
- Monitor blood pressure regularly during treatment
- Assess for signs of thromboembolic events
- Use cautiously in patients with a history of cardiovascular disease
Pregnancy
Erythropoietin should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. It is classified as category C.
Breast-feeding
It is not known whether erythropoietin is excreted in human milk. Caution should be exercised when administering to a breastfeeding woman.
Storage
Store in a refrigerator (2-8°C). Do not freeze. Protect from light.
Formulations
- Solution for injection
- Lyophilized powder for reconstitution
AI-synthesized from BNF references - general information only, not a substitute for professional medical advice or the current BNF. Verify doses with a pharmacist.
This drug in other countries
The same active ingredient registered across other registries we cover - including different brands.