EROSTIN-10

Indications

• Allergic rhinitis
• Chronic urticaria
• Seasonal allergies

Dosage

Children: For children aged 6 to 12 years, the recommended dose is 5 mg once daily. For children over 12 years, the adult dose may be used.

Adults: The typical adult dose is 10 mg once daily.

Mechanism of action

Ebastine acts as a selective antagonist of the histamine H1 receptor. By binding to these receptors, it prevents the action of histamine, a substance in the body that is responsible for allergy symptoms such as itching, sneezing, and runny nose. This selective action contributes to its efficacy in treating allergic reactions while minimizing sedation.

Pharmacodynamics

Ebastine shows a rapid onset of action, typically within 1 to 3 hours of administration, and its effects can last for up to 24 hours. This allows for once-daily dosing in most cases. The drug is primarily effective in reducing symptoms such as nasal congestion, sneezing, and itching associated with allergic reactions.

Pharmacokinetics

Ebastine is well absorbed after oral administration, with peak plasma concentrations occurring approximately 1 to 2 hours post-dose. It undergoes extensive hepatic metabolism, primarily via cytochrome P450 enzymes, resulting in the formation of an active metabolite, carebastine. The elimination half-life of ebastine is approximately 15 hours, allowing for prolonged therapeutic effects. It is excreted mainly in the urine, with a small percentage eliminated in the feces.

Pregnancy

The safety of ebastine during pregnancy has not been established. It should only be used if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.

Breast-feeding

Ebastine is excreted in breast milk. Caution should be exercised when administering to breastfeeding mothers.

Storage

Store at room temperature, away from moisture and heat.

Indications

• Used as a binder in tablet formulations
• Serves as a disintegrant to improve drug release
• Acts as a thickening agent in liquid formulations
• Enhances bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs

Dosage

Children: Dosage is dependent on the specific formulation and intended use. Refer to formulation guidelines for appropriate concentrations.

Adults: Dosage is dependent on the specific formulation and intended use. Refer to formulation guidelines for appropriate concentrations.

Mechanism of action

Pregelatinised starch acts primarily as a thickening agent and binder in pharmaceutical formulations. When mixed with water, it swells and forms a gel-like consistency, which helps in the uniform distribution of active ingredients and enhances their release and absorption in the gastrointestinal tract. Its ability to gel enables better disintegration of tablets upon administration, facilitating the dissolution of the drug.

Pharmacodynamics

The pharmacodynamics of pregelatinised starch is closely related to its physical properties as a polymer. Upon contact with water, it hydrates and expands, creating a viscous solution that can improve the release profile of drugs. This can lead to enhanced dissolution rates of poorly soluble compounds, improving their bioavailability. Additionally, it can impact the stability and shelf-life of formulations by providing a protective matrix for active ingredients.

Pharmacokinetics

Pregelatinised starch is not absorbed systemically as it primarily acts as an excipient. It undergoes gastrointestinal transit without significant degradation. Its function is to facilitate the release and absorption of the active pharmaceutical ingredients in the formulation rather than exhibiting pharmacokinetic properties of its own.

Pregnancy

Pregelatinised starch is generally considered safe for use during pregnancy, but it is recommended to consult a healthcare provider before use.

Breast-feeding

Pregelatinised starch is considered safe during breastfeeding, but it is advisable to seek medical advice.

Storage

Store in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight and moisture.

Formulations

• Powder
• Capsules
• Tablets

Indications

• Nutritional supplementation
• Energy source in enteral nutrition
• Excipient in pharmaceutical formulations

Dosage

Children: Refer to specific guidelines or product inserts for dosing information, as it can vary based on the context of use.

Adults: Refer to specific guidelines or product inserts for dosing information, as it can vary based on the context of use.

Mechanism of action

Starch is broken down into glucose units by enzymes such as amylase during digestion. The glucose is then absorbed in the intestines and utilized for energy production in the body's cells. This pathway involves hydrolysis of the glycosidic bonds, converting starch into simpler sugars.

Pharmacodynamics

Starch primarily serves as an energy source. Its digestion and absorption lead to an increase in blood glucose levels, which provides energy for metabolic processes. In this context, it plays a crucial role in maintaining energy homeostasis in the body.

Pharmacokinetics

Starch is not absorbed in its polymeric form; it must first be enzymatically hydrolyzed into simpler sugars such as maltose and glucose. The digestion and absorption of starch occur predominantly in the small intestine, with glucose being readily absorbed into the bloodstream. The rate of absorption can vary depending on the type of starch and its physical form.

Adverse effects

• Allergic reactions
• Gastrointestinal discomfort
• Diarrhea
• Constipation

Precautions

• Use with caution in individuals with known allergies to starch or starch derivatives
• Monitor for gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with a history of digestive disorders

Pregnancy

Starch is generally considered safe for use during pregnancy. However, it should be consumed in moderation as part of a balanced diet.

Breast-feeding

Starch is deemed safe for nursing mothers when used in moderation as part of a balanced diet.

Storage

Store in a cool, dry place away from moisture and direct sunlight.

Formulations

• Powder
• Granules
• Tablets
• Suspensions

Mechanism of action

Ebastine is a second-generation antihistamine that acts as a selective histamine H1-receptor antagonist to relieve allergic symptoms.