FUNGEX

Indications

• Topical anesthetic
• Surfactant in pharmaceutical formulations
• Emulsifier in food and cosmetic products
• Potential anti-inflammatory agent

Dosage

Children: Refer to specific clinical guidelines or product labeling for dosing recommendations in children, as pediatric doses must be determined based on age, weight, and clinical condition.

Adults: Refer to specific clinical guidelines or product labeling for dosing recommendations, as doses can vary widely based on the formulation and intended use.

Mechanism of action

Alkylolamides primarily function by interacting with cell membranes, potentially altering membrane fluidity and permeability. This can lead to changes in the activity of membrane-bound proteins and receptors, influencing various cellular processes. Some alkylolamides may also inhibit the release of pro-inflammatory mediators, contributing to their anti-inflammatory effects.

Pharmacodynamics

The pharmacodynamic properties of alkylolamides are characterized by their ability to modulate cellular responses, particularly in inflammatory pathways. They may exhibit local anesthetic effects by stabilizing neuronal membranes and preventing the initiation and propagation of action potentials. Their surfactant properties also facilitate drug absorption and distribution, enhancing therapeutic efficacy.

Pharmacokinetics

Alkylolamides are typically administered topically or incorporated into formulations for oral ingestion. After administration, their absorption can vary based on the route of administration and formulation. They are metabolized in the liver, with various metabolic pathways potentially generating active or inactive metabolites. The elimination half-life and excretion routes may depend on the specific compound and its formulation.

Pregnancy

The safety of alkylolamides during pregnancy has not been established. Use should be avoided unless clearly necessary.

Breast-feeding

It is not known whether alkylolamides are excreted in human breast milk. Caution should be exercised when administering to nursing mothers.

Storage

Store in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight. Keep out of reach of children.

Indications

• Tinea pedis (athlete's foot)
• Tinea corporis (ringworm of the body)
• Tinea cruris (jock itch)
• Tinea manuum (ringworm of the hand)
• Candidiasis (cutaneous candidiasis)

Dosage

Children: Refer to the BNF for Children for specific dosing recommendations for paediatric patients.

Adults: Apply undecylenic acid topically to the affected area twice daily or as directed by a healthcare provider.

Mechanism of action

Undecylenic acid exerts its antifungal effects by inhibiting the growth of dermatophytes and other fungi. It disrupts the cell membrane of fungi, leading to leakage of cellular contents and ultimately resulting in cell lysis and death. Additionally, it may inhibit the synthesis of ergosterol, a key component of fungal cell membranes.

Pharmacodynamics

The antifungal activity of undecylenic acid is primarily due to its ability to alter the permeability of fungal cell membranes. This disruption can interfere with various cellular processes, leading to the inhibition of fungal growth. Undecylenic acid is particularly effective against common dermatophyte species, including Trichophyton, Epidermophyton, and Microsporum.

Pharmacokinetics

When applied topically, undecylenic acid is minimally absorbed into the systemic circulation. Its local antifungal action is maintained at the site of application. The exact pharmacokinetic parameters such as half-life and metabolism are not well-documented, but it is known to be primarily eliminated through topical action rather than systemic metabolism.

Adverse effects

• Skin irritation
• Burning sensation at the site of application
• Erythema
• Allergic reactions

Precautions

• Avoid contact with eyes and mucous membranes
• Use with caution in patients with sensitive skin
• Discontinue use if irritation occurs

Pregnancy

Undecylenic acid is generally considered safe during pregnancy, but it is advisable to use it under medical supervision.

Breast-feeding

Limited data are available, but topical use is not expected to pose a risk to a breastfeeding infant.

Storage

Store at room temperature, away from moisture and heat. Keep out of reach of children.

Formulations

• Topical solution
• Cream
• Powder