CARBANOR POWDER (Each gram contains: Carbaryl 75mg)

Indications

• Control of agricultural pests
• Garden pest management
• Household insect control
• Veterinary applications for ectoparasites
• Treatment of human lice infestations

Dosage

Children: Refer to the BNF for Children for specific dosing guidelines tailored to pediatric patients.

Adults: Refer to the BNF for specific dosing guidelines based on the intended use and individual patient factors.

Mechanism of action

Carbaryl exerts its effects primarily through the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, an enzyme responsible for the breakdown of acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft. This inhibition leads to the accumulation of acetylcholine, resulting in prolonged stimulation of the cholinergic receptors in the nervous system. The resulting hyperactivity of the nervous system ultimately leads to paralysis and death in susceptible pest species.

Pharmacodynamics

Carbaryl has a rapid onset of action due to its ability to quickly inhibit acetylcholinesterase, with effects observed shortly after application. Its selectivity for insects makes it less toxic to mammals, although caution is advised due to potential neurotoxic effects at higher exposures. The compound is classified as a moderate toxicity insecticide in mammals, with potential for both acute and chronic effects depending on the level of exposure.

Pharmacokinetics

Carbaryl is absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract, skin, and respiratory tract. Once absorbed, it is distributed throughout the body, with a metabolism that primarily occurs in the liver. The elimination of carbaryl and its metabolites occurs mainly through urinary excretion. Its half-life can vary based on the route of exposure and the individual's metabolic rate, typically ranging from hours to a few days.

Contra-indications

• Hypersensitivity to carbaryl or any of its excipients
• Severe renal impairment

Adverse effects

• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Abdominal cramps
• Dizziness
• Headache
• Tremors
• Sweating
• Confusion
• Respiratory depression

Interactions

• May enhance the effects of other cholinergic agents
• Anticholinergic drugs may reduce the effectiveness of carbaryl

Precautions

• Use with caution in patients with asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or other conditions predisposing to respiratory compromise
• Caution in patients with a history of seizures or epilepsy

Pregnancy

There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Carbaryl should only be used during pregnancy if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.

Breast-feeding

Carbaryl is excreted in breast milk. Caution should be exercised when carbaryl is administered to a nursing woman.

Storage

Store in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight. Keep out of reach of children.