CLINDAMED 300

Indications

• Skin and soft tissue infections
• Respiratory tract infections
• Bone and joint infections
• Intra-abdominal infections
• Pelvic inflammatory disease

Dosage

Children: Refer to BNF for Children for appropriate dosing based on weight and age, typically 8 to 25 mg/kg/day divided into doses every 6 to 8 hours.

Adults: Refer to BNF for specific dosing, typically 150 mg to 450 mg every 6 to 8 hours depending on the severity and site of infection.

Mechanism of action

Clindamycin exerts its antibacterial effects by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit of bacteria, inhibiting peptide bond formation and protein synthesis. This action affects the growth and replication of bacteria, leading to their eventual death. Clindamycin is particularly effective against anaerobic bacteria and some protozoa.

Pharmacodynamics

Clindamycin demonstrates bacteriostatic activity against a wide range of gram-positive bacteria and anaerobic organisms. Its effectiveness is influenced by the susceptibility of the target organisms and the concentration of the drug at the site of infection. Resistance may develop through modification of the ribosomal target or enzymatic inactivation.

Pharmacokinetics

Clindamycin is well-absorbed after oral administration, with bioavailability typically around 90%. It is widely distributed in body tissues and fluids, including bone, and can penetrate well into abscesses. Clindamycin is metabolized in the liver and has a half-life of approximately 2.5 to 3 hours. The drug is primarily excreted in urine as metabolites, with less than 10% excreted unchanged.

Contra-indications

• Hypersensitivity to clindamycin or any component of the formulation
• Previous history of severe adverse reactions to lincomycin
• Caution in patients with a history of gastrointestinal disease, particularly colitis

Adverse effects

• Nausea
• Diarrhea
• Abdominal pain
• Rash
• Increased liver enzymes
• Pseudomembranous colitis

Interactions

• May enhance the effects of neuromuscular blocking agents
• Antidiarrheal agents may prolong or worsen colitis
• Use caution when combined with other drugs that affect liver enzymes

Precautions

• Monitor for signs of gastrointestinal disturbances
• Discontinue therapy if severe diarrhea occurs
• Use caution in patients with renal impairment

Pregnancy

Clindamycin should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.

Breast-feeding

Clindamycin is excreted in breast milk, caution is advised when administering to nursing mothers.

Storage

Store at room temperature, away from moisture and heat.

Formulations

• Clindamycin oral capsules
• Clindamycin topical gel
• Clindamycin injectable solution