EMGIBACTRON OINTMENT

Indications

• Impetigo
• Secondary infected skin lesions
• Nasal decolonization of MRSA
• Wound infections

Dosage

Children: Refer to BNF for Children for specific dosage guidance based on the condition being treated.

Adults: Refer to BNF for specific dosage guidance based on the condition being treated.

Mechanism of action

Mupirocin works by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis. It specifically binds to bacterial isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase, an enzyme essential for the incorporation of isoleucine into proteins. By blocking this enzyme, mupirocin disrupts protein synthesis and ultimately inhibits bacterial growth.

Pharmacodynamics

The pharmacodynamics of mupirocin involve its bactericidal action against susceptible strains of bacteria. It is effective against gram-positive cocci and some gram-negative bacteria. The drug demonstrates a rapid onset of action, and its effects are enhanced in the presence of bacterial resistance mechanisms, as mupirocin can still exert activity against strains resistant to other antibiotics.

Pharmacokinetics

Mupirocin is primarily used topically and has minimal systemic absorption when applied to intact skin. Upon application, mupirocin penetrates the stratum corneum and reaches the dermis, where it exerts its antimicrobial effects. The half-life of mupirocin in the skin can vary, but it is generally short due to its rapid metabolism. It is primarily eliminated through the urine as inactive metabolites.

Contra-indications

• Hypersensitivity to mupirocin or any of its ingredients
• Severe renal impairment (for systemic use)

Adverse effects

• Burning sensation
• Stinging
• Itching
• Redness
• Dryness at the application site
• Nausea
• Diarrhea (if absorbed systemically)

Interactions

• May enhance the effects of other topical agents
• Minimal systemic absorption, thus fewer interactions expected

Precautions

• Use with caution in patients with renal impairment
• Avoid contact with eyes and mucous membranes
• Not for extensive use or large areas of the body

Pregnancy

Mupirocin is classified as category B; animal reproduction studies have not shown a risk to the fetus, but there are no adequate studies in pregnant women.

Breast-feeding

Mupirocin is excreted in breast milk; caution should be exercised when administered to nursing mothers.

Storage

Store at room temperature, away from light and moisture. Do not freeze.

Formulations

• Topical ointment
• Topical cream