ENERVII VIT.C & ZINC AND ELDERBERRY EXTRACT SYR

Indications

• Vitamin C deficiency
• Scurvy
• Adjunct therapy in iron overload conditions

Dosage

Children: Child 1 month–3 years: 125–250 mg daily in 1–2 divided doses; Child 4–11 years: 250–500 mg daily in 1–2 divided doses; Child 12–17 years: 0.5–1 g daily in 1–2 divided doses.

Adults: 500 mg daily, taken in 1-2 divided doses, depending on the clinical condition and dietary needs.

Mechanism of action

Ascorbic acid functions primarily as a reducing agent, facilitating enzymatic reactions in the body, including the hydroxylation of proline and lysine in collagen synthesis. It also plays a role in the absorption of iron from the gastrointestinal tract and enhances the immune response.

Pharmacodynamics

Ascorbic acid is crucial for the maintenance of connective tissue and is involved in the metabolism of several amino acids. Its antioxidant properties help to mitigate oxidative stress and may play a role in reducing the risk of chronic diseases.

Pharmacokinetics

Ascorbic acid is absorbed in the intestines and is widely distributed throughout the body. The renal clearance of ascorbic acid is dose-dependent, with higher doses leading to increased excretion. The half-life varies but is generally around 15 to 30 minutes in healthy individuals, with tissue saturation levels influencing its retention.

Contra-indications

• Hypercalcaemia
• Hyperoxaluria
• Patients with cardiac dysfunction

Adverse effects

• Abdominal pain
• Headache
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Diarrhoea
• Constipation
• Weight loss
• Polyuria
• Sweating
• Thirst
• Vertigo

Interactions

• Increases risk of cardiovascular adverse effects with iron chelators
• Increases risk of cardiovascular adverse effects with deferiprone
• Increases risk of cardiovascular adverse effects with desferrioxamine

Precautions

• Use with caution in patients with iron overload
• Monitor for symptoms of overdose

Pregnancy

High doses teratogenic in animals but therapeutic doses unlikely to be harmful.

Storage

Store in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight.

Formulations

• Ascorbic acid 50 mg tablets
• Ascorbic acid 100 mg tablets
• Ascorbic acid 200 mg tablets
• Ascorbic acid 250 mg tablets
• Ascorbic acid 500 mg capsules

Indications

• Prevention of colds
• Supportive treatment of influenza
• Immune system enhancement

Dosage

Children: Refer to product-specific guidelines, as doses can vary based on formulation and intended use.

Adults: Refer to product-specific guidelines, as doses can vary based on formulation and intended use.

Mechanism of action

Elderberry exerts its effects primarily through the inhibition of viral replication. It is thought to bind to the hemagglutinin protein on the surface of the influenza virus, preventing the virus from entering and infecting host cells. Additionally, elderberry may promote the production of cytokines, which help modulate immune response and enhance the body's defense against infections.

Pharmacodynamics

The pharmacodynamic effects of elderberry include immune modulation and potential antiviral activity. Research suggests that elderberry can reduce the duration and severity of flu symptoms when taken at the onset of illness. Its antioxidant properties may also contribute to overall health by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation.

Pharmacokinetics

The pharmacokinetics of elderberry are not fully understood due to its herbal nature. However, it is believed that the active compounds undergo absorption in the gastrointestinal tract, with bioavailability influenced by the preparation of the extract. The metabolism of elderberry constituents occurs in the liver, and elimination is likely through urinary excretion of metabolites.

Adverse effects

• Gastrointestinal upset
• Allergic reactions
• Diarrhea
• Nausea
• Vomiting

Precautions

• Use with caution in individuals with autoimmune disorders
• May interact with immunosuppressive therapies
• Consult with a healthcare professional if pregnant or breastfeeding

Pregnancy

Limited data available, consult a healthcare professional before use.

Breast-feeding

Limited data available, consult a healthcare professional before use.

Storage

Store in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight. Keep out of reach of children.

Formulations

• Syrup
• Capsules
• Liquid extract
• Gummy supplements

Indications

• General wellness support
• Anti-inflammatory effects
• Antioxidant activity
• Digestive aid
• Support for immune function

Dosage

Children: Paediatric dosing should be determined based on the specific extract and its intended use. Consultation with a healthcare provider is recommended for accurate dosing.

Adults: Dosage varies widely depending on the specific extract and formulation. It is essential to follow the manufacturer's instructions or consult a healthcare professional for appropriate dosing.

Mechanism of action

The mechanism of action of herbal extracts can vary significantly based on their constituents. Commonly, they exert their effects through multiple pathways including modulation of neurotransmitter systems, interference with inflammatory processes, or direct antioxidant activity. Some extracts may activate certain receptors or inhibit enzymes related to disease processes.

Pharmacodynamics

The pharmacodynamics of extracts is complex due to the presence of multiple active compounds which can have synergistic or antagonistic effects. These compounds may influence cellular signaling pathways, alter gene expression, or modulate immune response. The overall pharmacological profile is determined by the specific composition of the extract, its concentration, and the biological target it interacts with.

Pharmacokinetics

The pharmacokinetics of extracts involves absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of the active compounds. Generally, herbal extracts are absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, with bioavailability influenced by factors such as formulation, the presence of food, and individual metabolic differences. Compounds may undergo hepatic metabolism, and elimination can occur through urine or feces, depending on their chemical nature.

Pregnancy

Consult a healthcare professional before use, as the safety of the extract during pregnancy has not been established.

Breast-feeding

Consult a healthcare professional before use, as the safety of the extract during breastfeeding has not been established.

Storage

Store in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight. Keep out of reach of children.