IRON DEXTRAN 10% INJECTION (Each ml contains: Iron as Iron dextran 100mg)

Indications

• Hypovolemia
• Shock
• Surgery
• Burns

Dosage

Children: Refer to the specific product information or guidelines for paediatric dosage, as it may vary based on the indication and formulation used.

Adults: Refer to the specific product information or guidelines for adult dosage, as it may vary based on the indication and formulation used.

Mechanism of action

Dextran acts as an osmotic agent. When administered intravenously, it increases plasma volume by drawing water into the vascular space. This expansion of blood volume helps in maintaining blood pressure and improving perfusion to tissues.

Pharmacodynamics

The pharmacodynamics of dextran involves its ability to enhance blood flow and reduce blood viscosity. It can improve rheological properties of blood, thereby facilitating better circulation. Dextran's molecular size allows it to remain in the circulation for an extended period, contributing to its volume-expanding effects.

Pharmacokinetics

Dextran is administered intravenously and is distributed in the vascular compartment. Its elimination occurs through renal filtration, and it is eventually degraded by enzymatic action in the liver. The half-life can vary depending on the molecular weight of the dextran used, with larger molecules generally having a longer half-life.

Contra-indications

• Hypersensitivity to dextran or any component of the formulation
• Severe renal impairment
• Congestive heart failure
• Active bleeding or hemorrhagic disorders

Adverse effects

• Allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis
• Fluid overload
• Hypotension
• Headache
• Nausea and vomiting
• Fever
• Thrombocytopenia
• Acute kidney injury

Interactions

• Anticoagulants - may enhance the effects of anticoagulants leading to increased bleeding risk
• Diuretics - may increase the risk of fluid overload and electrolyte imbalances

Precautions

• Use with caution in patients with cardiovascular disease
• Monitor fluid balance closely in patients with renal impairment
• Careful administration in patients with a history of allergic reactions

Pregnancy

Safety during pregnancy has not been established. Use only if clearly needed and potential benefits justify potential risks.

Breast-feeding

Excretion in human milk is unknown. Caution is advised when administering to nursing mothers.

Storage

Store at room temperature, away from direct sunlight and moisture. Do not freeze.

Formulations

• Injectable solution for intravenous infusion
• Oral formulations (less common, specific to certain indications)

Indications

• HIV infection
• Chronic hepatitis B
• Other viral infections as determined by clinical guidelines

Dosage

Children: Refer to BNF for Children for appropriate dosing guidelines.

Adults: Refer to specific treatment guidelines and local protocols for dosing information.

Mechanism of action

Viron exerts its antiviral effects by mimicking the natural nucleosides that are essential for viral replication. Once incorporated into the viral DNA by reverse transcriptase, it leads to chain termination, preventing further elongation of the viral genome. This inhibition of reverse transcriptase is crucial in suppressing the replication of HIV and other retroviruses.

Pharmacodynamics

The pharmacodynamics of Viron involve its activity against viral enzymes, specifically reverse transcriptase, which is vital for the replication of retroviruses. By obstructing this enzyme's function, Viron effectively lowers viral load in treated patients. Additionally, it may exhibit some activity against viral strains that are resistant to other antiviral agents, although resistance can develop with prolonged use.

Pharmacokinetics

Viron is typically absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, with bioavailability influenced by food intake. It undergoes hepatic metabolism, and its metabolites are primarily excreted in the urine. The elimination half-life of Viron varies, and dosing adjustments may be necessary in patients with renal impairment. The drug's pharmacokinetic profile supports its use in combination therapies, allowing for strategic dosing regimens.

Pregnancy

Consult healthcare provider. Use only if clearly needed.

Breast-feeding

Consult healthcare provider. Use only if clearly needed.

Storage

Store at room temperature, away from light and moisture.