LOPAMIRO 370 (Each vial conatains Lopamidol 370 ml)

Indications

• Computed tomography (CT) imaging
• Angiography
• Myelography
• Cholecystography

Dosage

Children: Refer to the BNF for Children for appropriate dosing guidelines tailored to paediatric patients, as dosing can vary significantly based on body weight and the specific indication for use.

Adults: Refer to the specific guidelines for dosing based on the type of imaging procedure and the patient's condition. Adjustments may be necessary for patients with impaired renal function or other contraindications.

Mechanism of action

Lopamidol functions by altering the attenuation of X-rays in the tissues where it is administered. The iodine in the compound absorbs X-rays more effectively than surrounding tissues, creating a contrast effect that allows for clearer visualization of blood vessels, organs, and any pathological conditions. The specific pathways involve the interaction of iodinated molecules with X-ray photons, leading to differential imaging in diagnostic radiology.

Pharmacodynamics

The pharmacodynamics of lopamidol involves its capacity to enhance radiographic imaging due to its high iodine content. The contrast it provides is essential for differentiating between various anatomical structures and identifying pathological changes. The effectiveness of the contrast agent is influenced by factors such as concentration, injection rate, and the specific imaging technique employed.

Pharmacokinetics

Lopamidol is administered via intravenous injection, where it distributes rapidly into the vascular system. It is primarily excreted unchanged in the urine, with renal clearance being a significant pathway for elimination from the body. The onset of action occurs rapidly after administration, and the contrast effects can be observed almost immediately during imaging procedures. The half-life of lopamidol varies but is generally short, necessitating timely imaging after administration.

Contra-indications

• Severe renal impairment
• Hypersensitivity to iodinated contrast agents
• Hyperthyroidism
• Pheochromocytoma
• History of serious adverse reactions to iodinated contrast media

Adverse effects

• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Headache
• Dizziness
• Hypotension
• Allergic reactions
• Nephrotoxicity
• Thyroid dysfunction

Interactions

• Other nephrotoxic drugs (e.g., NSAIDs, certain antibiotics)
• Metformin (risk of lactic acidosis in renal impairment)
• Anticoagulants (increased risk of bleeding due to potential changes in renal function)

Precautions

• Assess renal function prior to administration
• Monitor thyroid function in patients with thyroid disorders
• Hydration of patients before and after administration
• Use caution in patients with a history of asthma or allergic conditions

Pregnancy

Lopamidol is classified as a category C drug. The risks and benefits should be assessed before use during pregnancy.

Breast-feeding

Limited data available. Caution is advised as lopamidol may be excreted in breast milk.

Storage

Store at room temperature, protect from light, and avoid freezing.

Formulations

• Intravenous injection
• Intravascular contrast agent