PHYTONE INJECTION (Each 0.5ml contains Phytomenadore 1mg

Indications

• Vitamin K deficiency
• Reversal of anticoagulation effects of vitamin K antagonists (e.g., warfarin)
• Management of coagulopathy in patients with malabsorption syndromes
• Support in cases of hemorrhagic disease of the newborn

Dosage

Adults: Dosage varies based on indication and severity of deficiency. Refer to clinical guidelines for specific dosing regimens.

Mechanism of action

Phytomenadione acts by facilitating the conversion of vitamin K into its active form, which is necessary for the carboxylation of specific glutamic acid residues on clotting factors. This carboxylation is essential for the proper functioning of these factors in the coagulation cascade. Additionally, it helps in the regulation of calcium binding in proteins associated with blood coagulation and bone metabolism.

Pharmacodynamics

Phytomenadione is involved in the regulation of coagulation by maintaining the levels of clotting factors in the blood. Its action is dose-dependent, with higher doses leading to a more pronounced effect on coagulation. The onset of action for phytomenadione can be observed within a few hours when administered intravenously, while oral administration may take longer, depending on the individual's absorption capabilities and vitamin K levels.

Pharmacokinetics

Phytomenadione is well-absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract when taken orally, with peak plasma concentrations occurring approximately 1 to 2 hours post-dose. It is transported in the bloodstream predominantly bound to lipoproteins. The half-life of phytomenadione is approximately 1.5 to 3 hours, but this can vary based on the individual's metabolic state. The drug is primarily metabolized in the liver and excreted in bile and urine, with biliary excretion being the main route of elimination.

Contra-indications

• Hypersensitivity to phytomenadione or any of its components
• Severe liver disease
• Uncontrolled anticoagulation

Adverse effects

• Allergic reactions such as rash, itching, or swelling
• Flushing
• Dizziness
• Hypotension
• Gastrointestinal disturbances like nausea or diarrhea

Interactions

• Increased effect of anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin) when taken concurrently
• Antibiotics may alter vitamin K metabolism
• Cholestyramine and other bile acid sequestrants can reduce vitamin K absorption
• Antiepileptic drugs may lower vitamin K levels

Precautions

• Monitor INR levels closely in patients on anticoagulants
• Assess liver function before administration
• Caution in patients with a history of hypersensitivity reactions

Pregnancy

Phytomenadione is generally considered safe during pregnancy, but should be used under medical supervision especially in high doses.

Breast-feeding

Phytomenadione is excreted in breast milk, but the amounts are considered insufficient to affect the infant. Use caution and consult a healthcare provider.

Storage

Store in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight. Keep out of reach of children.

Formulations

• Injection solution
• Oral tablets
• Oral liquid