VILDAZ 50 TABLETS (Each tablet contains Vildaglypto 50mg)

Indications

• Type 2 diabetes mellitus
• Hyperglycemia
• Management of diabetes in conjunction with diet and exercise

Dosage

Children: Refer to the BNF for Children for appropriate dosing in the paediatric population.

Adults: Refer to the BNF for specific dosing recommendations based on individual patient factors.

Mechanism of action

Vildagliptin works by inhibiting the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), which is responsible for the degradation of incretin hormones such as GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) and GIP (gastric inhibitory polypeptide). By preventing the breakdown of these hormones, vildagliptin increases their levels, leading to enhanced insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells in a glucose-dependent manner, reduced glucagon secretion from alpha cells, and ultimately lower blood glucose levels.

Pharmacodynamics

Vildagliptin has a rapid onset of action, with peak plasma concentrations occurring within 1-2 hours after oral administration. Its antihyperglycemic effects are primarily mediated through increased levels of incretin hormones, which stimulate insulin secretion and inhibit glucagon release. This leads to improved postprandial glucose control, with a modest effect on fasting blood glucose levels. The drug does not cause weight gain and has a low risk of hypoglycemia when used alone.

Pharmacokinetics

Vildagliptin is well absorbed after oral administration, with bioavailability around 85%. The drug undergoes minimal liver metabolism, primarily through hydrolysis by DPP-4 and is excreted mainly through the kidneys. The elimination half-life is approximately 2-3 hours. Dosage adjustments may be necessary in patients with renal impairment to avoid accumulation and potential side effects.

Contra-indications

• Hypersensitivity to vildagliptin or any of its components
• Severe renal impairment
• Type 1 diabetes mellitus or for the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis

Adverse effects

• Headache
• Dizziness
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Nasopharyngitis
• Hypoglycemia (when used in combination with other antidiabetic agents)

Interactions

• May increase the risk of hypoglycemia when used with insulin or sulfonylureas
• Caution is advised when used in combination with other medications that affect renal function

Precautions

• Monitor renal function regularly, particularly in patients with moderate renal impairment
• Use with caution in patients with a history of pancreatitis
• Assess for signs of hypersensitivity reactions

Pregnancy

Limited data on the use of vildagliptin in pregnancy. It should only be used if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.

Breast-feeding

It is not known whether vildagliptin is excreted in human milk. Caution is advised when administering to nursing mothers.

Storage

Store in a cool, dry place away from direct light. Keep out of reach of children.

Formulations

• Tablets: 50 mg