WATER FOR INJECTION

Indications

• Dehydration
• Electrolyte imbalance
• Hydration therapy

Dosage

Children: Refer to the BNF for Children for specific guidance on hydration and fluid requirements in paediatric patients.

Adults: The dosage of water varies according to individual needs, typically based on factors such as age, sex, weight, and activity level. The general recommendation is to consume adequate fluids to maintain hydration, often estimated at approximately 2.5 liters per day for adults, including all sources of fluid intake.

Mechanism of action

Water functions primarily as a solvent, enabling the dissolution and transport of various solutes within biological systems. It participates in hydrolysis reactions, where it contributes to the breakdown of complex molecules, and is involved in thermoregulation and metabolic processes.

Pharmacodynamics

Water is essential for maintaining cellular turgor and function. It regulates osmotic balance and is involved in enzymatic reactions as a reactant or product. The presence of water influences the structure and function of biomolecules, impacting enzymatic activity and metabolic pathways.

Pharmacokinetics

Water is absorbed primarily in the gastrointestinal tract, with rapid distribution throughout the body. Its elimination occurs through urine, sweat, and respiration, with the rate of loss influenced by environmental factors and physiological conditions. The body maintains water balance through mechanisms involving thirst and hormonal regulation.

Pregnancy

Water is essential for life and is considered safe during pregnancy. Adequate hydration is crucial for maternal health and fetal development.

Breast-feeding

Water is safe for breastfeeding mothers and is vital for maintaining hydration while nursing.

Storage

Store in a cool, dry place. Ensure that the container is clean and free from contaminants.