Giloba
Ginkgo Biloba Phytosome R equivalent to Ginkgo Biloba extract 40mg 115 mg
What it does
Biloba is a herbal supplement often used to support brain health and improve blood circulation.
Commonly used for: memory problems, dementia, anxiety, tinnitus
Read more in plain English ↓Plain-language summary for general understanding - not medical advice. Always follow your pharmacist/doctor.
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Sourcing - Kenya onlyRegistration & product details
Source: Tanzania Medicines and Medical Devices Authority · fetched 2026-03-11 23:51:27 · updated 2026-09-28 03:00:45
About biloba
Biloba is a herbal supplement often used to support brain health and improve blood circulation.
What it treats
- memory problems
- dementia
- anxiety
- tinnitus
How it works
Biloba is believed to improve blood flow to the brain and enhance the function of neurotransmitters, which may help with cognitive functions.
Who it's for
Biloba may be suitable for adults looking for natural support for memory and cognitive health.
AI-assisted summary grounded in BNF data - general information only, not medical advice. Always confirm with your pharmacist or doctor.
About extract
This medicine is an extract that is used for various health conditions.
What it treats
- general health improvement
- nutritional support
How it works
The extract may provide health benefits by supplying essential nutrients or compounds that support bodily functions.
Who it's for
This medicine is suitable for individuals looking to improve their overall health or address specific nutritional needs.
AI-assisted summary grounded in BNF data - general information only, not medical advice. Always confirm with your pharmacist or doctor.
About ginkgo
Ginkgo is a herbal supplement often used to support brain health and improve circulation.
What it treats
- memory problems
- dementia
- anxiety
- poor blood flow
- tinnitus (ringing in the ears)
How it works
Ginkgo is thought to improve blood flow in the body, particularly to the brain, which may help with memory and cognitive function.
Who it's for
Ginkgo may be suitable for adults looking to support their brain health or improve circulation, but should be used with care.
Cautions
- • May increase the risk of bleeding, especially if taken with blood-thinning medications.
- • Not recommended for people with certain medical conditions or who are pregnant or breastfeeding.
AI-assisted summary grounded in BNF data - general information only, not medical advice. Always confirm with your pharmacist or doctor.
About phytosome
Phytosome is a natural compound derived from plants, often used to help improve health and well-being.
What it treats
- general health support
- antioxidant support
How it works
Phytosome works by enhancing the absorption of plant extracts in the body, making them more effective.
Who it's for
Phytosome is suitable for adults looking for natural health supplements.
AI-assisted summary grounded in BNF data - general information only, not medical advice. Always confirm with your pharmacist or doctor.
Clinical monograph: biloba
Biloba, derived from the Ginkgo biloba tree, is commonly used as a dietary supplement, primarily for its potential cognitive and circulatory benefits. It contains flavonoids and terpenoids, which are thought to contribute to its pharmacological effects, including antioxidant properties and neuroprotective effects. Biloba is often marketed for improving memory, attention, and reducing symptoms of anxiety, particularly in older adults.
Indications
- Cognitive impairment
- Dementia
- Memory enhancement
- Anxiety
- Peripheral vascular disease
Dosage
Children: Safety and efficacy in children have not been established. Use is not generally recommended without professional guidance.
Adults: Refer to specific product guidelines, as Ginkgo biloba is available in various forms including tablets, extracts, and teas. Typical doses range from 120 to 240 mg per day, divided into two or three doses.
Mechanism of action
The exact mechanism of action of Ginkgo biloba is not fully understood, but it is believed to enhance cerebral blood flow and improve circulation by inhibiting platelet-activating factor (PAF) and promoting vasodilation through nitric oxide release. Additionally, the antioxidant properties of flavonoids and terpenoids may protect neurons from oxidative stress and free radical damage.
Pharmacodynamics
Ginkgo biloba exhibits several pharmacodynamic effects, including increased blood flow to the brain, improved oxygen utilization, and enhanced glucose metabolism. It may also modulate neurotransmitter systems, including serotonin and dopamine, which could contribute to its effects on mood and cognitive function. The anti-inflammatory properties may further aid in neuroprotection.
Pharmacokinetics
Ginkgo biloba extracts are well-absorbed after oral administration. The bioavailability of its active constituents varies, and peak plasma concentrations occur within 1 to 4 hours post-ingestion. The elimination half-life of ginkgo flavonoids is approximately 4 to 5 hours, and metabolites are primarily excreted in urine. Factors such as age, health status, and concurrent medications can affect its pharmacokinetics.
Adverse effects
- Headache
- Dizziness
- Gastrointestinal upset
- Allergic skin reactions
- Palpitations
Interactions
- Anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin)
- Antiplatelet agents (e.g., aspirin)
- Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
- Certain antidepressants (e.g., selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors)
Precautions
- Use with caution in patients with bleeding disorders
- Monitor for potential interactions with other medications
- Discontinue use prior to surgery to reduce bleeding risk
Pregnancy
Not recommended due to insufficient safety data.
Breast-feeding
Lack of sufficient data, caution is advised.
Storage
Store in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight.
Formulations
- Tablets
- Capsules
- Liquid extracts
AI-synthesized from BNF references - general information only, not a substitute for professional medical advice or the current BNF. Verify doses with a pharmacist.
Clinical monograph: extract
Extracts are concentrated preparations obtained from plants, herbs, or other natural sources through various extraction methods such as solvent extraction, steam distillation, or cold pressing. They are used for their therapeutic properties in herbal medicine and can contain a variety of bioactive compounds including alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenes, and essential oils. The specific effects and uses of an extract depend on its source material and the compounds it contains.
Indications
- General wellness support
- Anti-inflammatory effects
- Antioxidant activity
- Digestive aid
- Support for immune function
Dosage
Children: Paediatric dosing should be determined based on the specific extract and its intended use. Consultation with a healthcare provider is recommended for accurate dosing.
Adults: Dosage varies widely depending on the specific extract and formulation. It is essential to follow the manufacturer's instructions or consult a healthcare professional for appropriate dosing.
Mechanism of action
The mechanism of action of herbal extracts can vary significantly based on their constituents. Commonly, they exert their effects through multiple pathways including modulation of neurotransmitter systems, interference with inflammatory processes, or direct antioxidant activity. Some extracts may activate certain receptors or inhibit enzymes related to disease processes.
Pharmacodynamics
The pharmacodynamics of extracts is complex due to the presence of multiple active compounds which can have synergistic or antagonistic effects. These compounds may influence cellular signaling pathways, alter gene expression, or modulate immune response. The overall pharmacological profile is determined by the specific composition of the extract, its concentration, and the biological target it interacts with.
Pharmacokinetics
The pharmacokinetics of extracts involves absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of the active compounds. Generally, herbal extracts are absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, with bioavailability influenced by factors such as formulation, the presence of food, and individual metabolic differences. Compounds may undergo hepatic metabolism, and elimination can occur through urine or feces, depending on their chemical nature.
Pregnancy
Consult a healthcare professional before use, as the safety of the extract during pregnancy has not been established.
Breast-feeding
Consult a healthcare professional before use, as the safety of the extract during breastfeeding has not been established.
Storage
Store in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight. Keep out of reach of children.
AI-synthesized from BNF references - general information only, not a substitute for professional medical advice or the current BNF. Verify doses with a pharmacist.
Clinical monograph: ginkgo
Ginkgo biloba, commonly known as ginkgo, is a herbal remedy derived from the leaves of the Ginkgo biloba tree. It is primarily used as a dietary supplement for various health conditions. Ginkgo is believed to enhance cognitive function, improve blood circulation, and provide antioxidant effects. It has been traditionally used in the management of memory disorders, tinnitus, and peripheral vascular disease.
Indications
- Cognitive enhancement
- Memory disorders
- Tinnitus
- Peripheral vascular disease
- Anxiety
- Age-related macular degeneration
Dosage
Children: Safety and efficacy have not been established in children, so refer to specific guidelines if considering use in paediatric populations.
Adults: Refer to specific product guidelines, typically ranging from 120 to 240 mg of standardized ginkgo extract per day, divided into two or three doses.
Mechanism of action
The exact mechanism of action of ginkgo is not fully understood, but it is thought to involve several pathways. Ginkgo extracts contain flavonoids and terpenoids, which are believed to contribute to its pharmacological effects. These compounds may enhance cerebral blood flow by dilating blood vessels and reducing blood viscosity. Ginkgo also has antioxidant properties that help protect against oxidative stress, and it may modulate neurotransmitter systems, particularly those involving serotonin and dopamine.
Pharmacodynamics
Ginkgo exhibits various pharmacodynamic effects, including vasodilation, increased blood flow, and improved neurotransmission. It is noted for its ability to enhance cognitive function, particularly in older adults with mild cognitive impairment. The antioxidant properties of ginkgo help mitigate damage caused by free radicals, potentially reducing the risk of neurodegenerative diseases. Its effects on blood circulation can also alleviate symptoms associated with peripheral vascular disease.
Pharmacokinetics
Ginkgo is rapidly absorbed after oral administration, with peak plasma concentrations typically occurring within 1-3 hours. It undergoes extensive metabolism in the liver, primarily via cytochrome P450 enzymes. The elimination half-life of ginkgo components can vary, generally ranging from 4 to 12 hours. The bioavailability of ginkgo extracts can be influenced by formulation and individual patient factors, including age and health status.
Contra-indications
- Hypersensitivity to ginkgo or any of its components
- Active bleeding disorders
- Concurrent use with anticoagulants or antiplatelet agents
Adverse effects
- Gastrointestinal upset
- Headache
- Dizziness
- Allergic skin reactions
- Palpitations
Interactions
- Increased risk of bleeding when used with warfarin, aspirin, or other anticoagulants
- Potential interaction with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and other antidepressants
- May affect the metabolism of certain drugs metabolized by cytochrome P450 enzymes
Precautions
- Use with caution in patients with a history of seizures
- Monitor for bleeding complications in patients with bleeding disorders
- Discontinue use prior to surgical procedures to reduce bleeding risk
Pregnancy
Limited data available, caution advised; consult healthcare provider.
Breast-feeding
Insufficient reliable information available regarding safety; consult healthcare provider.
Storage
Store in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight. Keep out of reach of children.
Formulations
- Ginkgo biloba extract (standardized)
- Ginkgo leaf tablets
- Ginkgo capsules
- Ginkgo tinctures
AI-synthesized from BNF references - general information only, not a substitute for professional medical advice or the current BNF. Verify doses with a pharmacist.
Clinical monograph: phytosome
Phytosome is a novel formulation that enhances the bioavailability of phytochemicals by integrating them with phospholipids, primarily through a process known as phytosomal technology. This formulation allows for better absorption and increased efficacy of plant-derived compounds, which can be beneficial in various therapeutic applications. Phytosomes are often used in dietary supplements and herbal medicines to improve the delivery and effectiveness of natural products.
Indications
- Nutritional support
- Antioxidant therapy
- Inflammatory conditions
- Cardiovascular health
- Liver support
- Immune modulation
Dosage
Children: Refer to specific product guidelines, as dosing can vary based on age, weight, and condition.
Adults: Refer to specific product guidelines, as dosing can vary depending on the formulation and intended use.
Mechanism of action
Phytosomes work by encapsulating phytochemicals within a lipid bilayer formed by phospholipids. This structure facilitates the transport of the encapsulated compounds across biological membranes, enhancing their absorption in the gastrointestinal tract. Once absorbed, these compounds can exert their pharmacological effects more effectively due to improved bioavailability.
Pharmacodynamics
The pharmacodynamics of phytosomes revolves around the enhanced interaction of phytochemicals with biological targets. This improved absorption leads to increased plasma concentrations, allowing for more pronounced physiological effects. Phytosomes can modulate various pathways, including antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory responses, and modulation of cell signaling pathways, depending on the specific phytochemical involved.
Pharmacokinetics
Phytosomes exhibit improved pharmacokinetic properties compared to their non-phytosomal counterparts. The lipid-based structure allows for better solubility and stability in the gastrointestinal environment, leading to enhanced absorption. After administration, phytosomes are metabolized and distributed throughout the body, with their pharmacokinetics influenced by the specific phytochemical, its formulation, and the route of administration. Elimination pathways may vary, but typically involve hepatic metabolism and renal excretion.
Adverse effects
- Gastrointestinal disturbances
- Allergic reactions
- Headache
- Dizziness
Precautions
- Use with caution in patients with a history of allergy to phytosomal products
- Consult a healthcare provider before use during pregnancy or breastfeeding
Pregnancy
Limited data available, consult a healthcare provider before use.
Breast-feeding
Limited data available, consult a healthcare provider before use.
Storage
Store in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight.
Formulations
- Capsules
- Tablets
- Powders
- Topical formulations
AI-synthesized from BNF references - general information only, not a substitute for professional medical advice or the current BNF. Verify doses with a pharmacist.
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