HACTOSEC

Indications

• Cough associated with upper respiratory tract infections
• Non-productive cough
• Chronic bronchitis
• Cough due to environmental irritants

Dosage

Children: For children aged 2 to 12 years, the typical dosage is 1 mg/kg three times daily, not exceeding 45 mg per dose. For children under 2 years, consult the BNF for Children for appropriate dosing.

Adults: The usual adult dose is 45 mg to 90 mg three times daily, depending on the severity of symptoms.

Mechanism of action

Levodropropizine acts as a cough suppressant by inhibiting the cough reflex at the central level in the medulla oblongata. It reduces the sensitivity of the cough center to peripheral stimuli, thereby diminishing the urge to cough. This action is primarily through its effect on the opioid receptors without exhibiting significant analgesic properties.

Pharmacodynamics

The pharmacodynamic profile of levodropropizine reveals that it effectively reduces the frequency of coughing by modulating the response of the cough reflex. It has minimal sedative effects compared to traditional narcotic cough suppressants, making it preferable for patients who require cough relief without significant drowsiness.

Pharmacokinetics

Levodropropizine is absorbed following oral administration, with peak plasma concentrations typically occurring within a few hours. The drug undergoes extensive first-pass metabolism, leading to a bioavailability that varies among individuals. It is primarily excreted through the kidneys, with both unchanged drug and metabolites present in urine. The half-life is approximately 6 to 9 hours, allowing for once or twice daily dosing.

Adverse effects

• Drowsiness
• Dizziness
• Gastrointestinal disturbances
• Allergic reactions

Precautions

• Use with caution in patients with hepatic impairment
• Caution in patients with a history of bronchial asthma or other respiratory conditions

Pregnancy

Safety in pregnancy has not been established. Use only if potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.

Breast-feeding

It is not known whether levodropropizine is excreted in human milk. Caution should be exercised when administering to nursing mothers.

Storage

Store in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight. Keep out of reach of children.

Formulations

• Syrup
• Tablet