INDICONTIN 1.5 MG TABLETS

Indications

• Moderate to severe pain
• Postoperative pain management
• Chronic pain conditions such as cancer pain

Dosage

Children: Refer to the BNF for Children for appropriate dosing information based on age and weight.

Adults: Refer to the BNF or relevant clinical guidelines for specific dosage recommendations based on individual patient considerations.

Mechanism of action

Oxycodone primarily acts as a mu-opioid receptor agonist, leading to the inhibition of pain pathways in the central nervous system. It also has some activity at kappa and delta opioid receptors, contributing to its analgesic effects. This binding results in decreased neuronal excitability and altered neurotransmitter release, which reduces the sensation of pain.

Pharmacodynamics

The analgesic effects of oxycodone can be attributed to its action on the central nervous system, where it modulates pain perception and response. It can produce effects such as sedation, euphoria, and even respiratory depression, reflecting its potential for misuse and the need for careful monitoring.

Pharmacokinetics

Oxycodone is well absorbed after oral administration, with a bioavailability of approximately 60-87%. It undergoes extensive hepatic metabolism, primarily through CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 enzymes, leading to its active metabolites. The elimination half-life ranges from 3 to 5 hours, although this can vary based on individual metabolism and dosing. Oxycodone is excreted primarily in urine, mostly as metabolites.

Contra-indications

• Hypersensitivity to any component of the formulation
• Severe asthma or respiratory depression
• Acute or severe bronchial asthma
• Known or suspected gastrointestinal obstruction
• Concurrent use of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)

Adverse effects

• Constipation
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Drowsiness
• Dry mouth
• Sweating
• Dizziness
• Euphoria
• Dependence and withdrawal symptoms

Interactions

• CNS depressants (e.g., benzodiazepines, alcohol) may enhance sedative effects
• MAOIs can increase the risk of serotonin syndrome
• Anticholinergic drugs may increase the risk of constipation and urinary retention
• Certain antihistamines can enhance drowsiness

Precautions

• Use with caution in patients with a history of substance use disorder
• Monitor for respiratory depression, especially in elderly patients
• Caution in patients with biliary tract disease or liver impairment
• Ensure proper dosing in patients with renal impairment

Pregnancy

There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Use only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.

Breast-feeding

It is not known whether this drug is excreted in human milk. Caution should be exercised when administered to a nursing woman.

Storage

Store at room temperature, away from moisture and heat. Keep out of reach of children.

Formulations

• Tablets
• Extended-release capsules
• Syrup