IODOSORB UNIT DOSE PASTE

Indications

• Chronic ulcers
• Diabetic foot ulcers
• Pressure ulcers
• Infected wounds
• Non-infected wounds

Dosage

Children: Refer to the BNF for Children for paediatric dosing guidelines.

Adults: Refer to specific product guidelines. Typically, cadexomer iodine is applied directly to the wound once or twice a week, depending on the wound's condition and exudate level.

Mechanism of action

Cadexomer iodine acts through the slow release of iodine, which is known for its antimicrobial properties. The iodine penetrates bacterial cell walls, leading to cell death. Additionally, cadexomer facilitates the formation of a moist wound environment that promotes healing while absorbing excess fluid and providing a barrier against further infection.

Pharmacodynamics

The pharmacodynamics of cadexomer iodine are characterized by its ability to reduce bacterial load in wounds, promote granulation tissue, and manage moisture levels. Its antimicrobial activity is effective against a wide range of pathogens, including bacteria and fungi. The sustained release of iodine helps maintain effective concentrations at the wound site over time.

Pharmacokinetics

Cadexomer iodine is applied topically, and its absorption through intact skin is minimal. The iodine released has local effects rather than systemic absorption, which minimizes the risk of systemic side effects. The drug is metabolized locally at the site of application, with the iodine being utilized or excreted by the body as needed. The duration of action is influenced by the amount applied and the wound's moisture level.

Adverse effects

• Skin irritation
• Allergic reactions

Precautions

• Use with caution in individuals with a history of hypersensitivity to iodine or similar compounds.
• Monitor for signs of local irritation or allergic reactions.

Pregnancy

There is limited data on the use of cadexomer during pregnancy. Consult a healthcare provider for advice.

Breast-feeding

There is limited data on the use of cadexomer during breastfeeding. Consult a healthcare provider for advice.

Storage

Store at room temperature, away from moisture and heat. Keep out of reach of children.

Formulations

• Topical ointment
• Gels

Indications

• Iodine deficiency
• Goiter
• Hypothyroidism
• Thyroiditis
• Fibrocystic breast disease

Dosage

Children: Refer to the BNF for Children for appropriate dosing guidelines based on age and weight.

Adults: Refer to the BNF for appropriate dosing guidelines based on condition and clinical judgment.

Mechanism of action

Molecular iodine inhibits the induction and promotion of carcinogenesis in mammary tissues and has shown beneficial effects in fibrocystic breast disease. It temporarily decreases thyroid hormone production through the acute Wolff-Chaikoff effect, followed by a return to normal hormone synthesis due to down regulation of the sodium-iodide symport. This mechanism can lead to a transient hypothyroid state in some individuals with underlying thyroid conditions.

Pharmacodynamics

Iodine is vital for the synthesis of thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). It affects the metabolism of amine-derived hormones and plays a role in amino acid metabolism. The acute excess of iodide can lead to decreased circulating levels of T4 and T3 in susceptible individuals, while most people can escape this effect and maintain normal thyroid function.

Pharmacokinetics

Iodine is absorbed primarily in the gastrointestinal tract and is distributed throughout the body, particularly in the thyroid gland, where it is concentrated for hormone synthesis. The kidney plays a significant role in the excretion of excess iodine. The half-life of iodine in the body varies and can be influenced by dietary intake and underlying health conditions.

Adverse effects

• Hypothyroidism
• Hyperthyroidism
• Iodine allergy
• Gastrointestinal disturbances

Interactions

• Thyroid hormones
• Antithyroid drugs
• Lithium
• Diuretics

Precautions

• Use with caution in patients with thyroid dysfunction
• Monitor thyroid function periodically during treatment
• Pregnant or breastfeeding women should consult a healthcare provider before use

Pregnancy

Iodine is essential for fetal thyroid hormone synthesis, but excessive iodine intake should be avoided.

Breast-feeding

Iodine is excreted in breast milk; consult a healthcare provider regarding supplementation.

Storage

Store in a cool, dry place away from light.

Formulations

• Iodine solution
• Iodine tincture
• Potassium iodide tablets

Mechanism of action

Molecular iodine is known to inhibit the induction and promotion of N-methyl-n-nitrosourea-induced mammary carcinogenesis, to regress 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced breast tumors in rats.It has also been shown to have beneficial effects in fibrocystic human breast disease. An acute iodide excess (above the preexisting dietary intake) transiently decreases the production of thyroid hormones in the thyroid gland; this is referred to as the acute Wolff-Chaikoff effect. In normal people, this is followed by a return to normal levels of hormone synthesis, referred to as escape from the acute Wolff-Chaikoff effect, without a significant change in circulating hormone levels. Escape is thought to be the result of down regulation of the sodium-iodide symport (NIS), the iodide transporter in the thyroid gland, resulting in a decrease in the intrathyroidal iodine and the resumption of normal hormone synthesis. An acute or chronic excess of iodide can also decrease circulating T4 and T3 levels and induce a hypothyroid state in some people who have underlying thyroid disorders. These effects are the result of a failure to escape from the acute Wolff-Chaikoff effect. Most people who experience iodine-induced hypothyroidism recover when the excess iodine intake is discontinued.