What it does
Ketoconazole is an antifungal medication used to treat fungal infections on the skin and in the body.
Commonly used for: fungal skin infections, dandruff, ringworm (tinea), systemic fungal infections
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Sourcing - Kenya onlyRegistration & product details
Source: Tanzania Medicines and Medical Devices Authority · fetched 2026-03-11 23:41:56 · updated 2026-09-17 03:00:43
About this medicine
Ketoconazole is an antifungal medication used to treat fungal infections on the skin and in the body.
What it treats
- fungal skin infections
- dandruff
- ringworm (tinea)
- systemic fungal infections
How it works
Ketoconazole works by stopping the growth of fungi, helping to eliminate the infection.
Who it's for
Ketoconazole is for people who have fungal infections affecting their skin or other areas of the body.
AI-assisted summary grounded in BNF data - general information only, not medical advice. Always confirm with your pharmacist or doctor.
Clinical monograph: ketokonazole
Ketoconazole is an antifungal agent belonging to the imidazole class, primarily used in the treatment of fungal infections. It works by inhibiting the synthesis of ergosterol, an essential component of fungal cell membranes, leading to cell death. Ketoconazole is effective against a range of dermatophyte infections, candidiasis, and certain systemic fungal infections.
Indications
- Dermatophyte infections
- Candidiasis
- Systemic fungal infections
- Tinea (ringworm)
- Seborrheic dermatitis
- Histoplasmosis
Dosage
Children: Refer to the BNF for Children for appropriate dosing in paediatric populations.
Adults: Refer to the BNF for specific dosing guidance, as doses may vary based on the indication and severity of infection.
Mechanism of action
Ketoconazole exerts its antifungal effects by inhibiting the enzyme 14-alpha-demethylase, which is involved in the biosynthesis of ergosterol. This inhibition disrupts cell membrane integrity and function, ultimately resulting in fungal cell death. Additionally, ketoconazole shows anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting certain steroidogenic enzymes.
Pharmacodynamics
The pharmacodynamics of ketoconazole involve its action against a broad spectrum of fungi, including dermatophytes and yeasts. The drug's efficacy is influenced by factors such as the organism's susceptibility, the site of infection, and the concentration of the drug at the site. Ketoconazole also has some activity against certain protozoa and leishmaniasis.
Pharmacokinetics
Ketoconazole is well-absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, with maximum plasma concentrations occurring within 1 to 2 hours post-administration. It is highly protein-bound, primarily to albumin, and has a large volume of distribution. The drug undergoes extensive hepatic metabolism, with CYP450 enzymes playing a significant role. Its elimination half-life ranges from 2 to 8 hours, and it is primarily excreted in feces, with a small percentage excreted in urine.
Contra-indications
- Hypersensitivity to ketoconazole or any component of the formulation
- Concurrent use with certain medications such as astemizole, terfenadine, and cisapride due to the risk of serious cardiac arrhythmias
- Liver disease or history of liver dysfunction associated with ketoconazole
Adverse effects
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Abdominal pain
- Headache
- Dizziness
- Rash
- Hepatotoxicity
- Gynecomastia
- Hormonal imbalances
Interactions
- May increase plasma concentrations of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4 such as certain benzodiazepines, statins, and antihistamines
- Concurrent use with drugs that prolong the QT interval may increase the risk of arrhythmias
- May reduce the effectiveness of certain contraceptive methods
Precautions
- Use with caution in patients with a history of liver disease
- Monitor liver function tests periodically during treatment
- Caution in patients with a history of cardiac arrhythmias
- Not recommended for use in pregnancy unless the benefits outweigh the risks
Pregnancy
Ketoconazole is classified as pregnancy category C. It should only be used if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.
Breast-feeding
It is not known whether ketoconazole is excreted in human milk. Caution is advised when administering to nursing mothers.
Storage
Store at room temperature, away from moisture and heat. Keep out of reach of children.
Formulations
- Tablets
- Cream
- Shampoo
- Topical solution
AI-synthesized from BNF references - general information only, not a substitute for professional medical advice or the current BNF. Verify doses with a pharmacist.