Lomflox

Indications

• Chronic bronchitis
• Complicated urinary tract infections
• Uncomplicated urinary tract infections
• Prophylaxis for urinary tract infections during transrectal or transurethral surgical procedures

Dosage

Children: Refer to BNF for Children for specific dosing recommendations.

Adults: Refer to BNF for specific dosing guidelines.

Mechanism of action

Lomefloxacin exerts its bactericidal effect by interfering with bacterial enzymes DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, which are essential for DNA transcription and replication. In gram-negative bacteria, DNA gyrase is the primary target, while topoisomerase IV is the preferential target in gram-positive organisms. This interference leads to strand breakage, supercoiling, and resealing of the bacterial chromosome, ultimately inhibiting DNA replication and transcription.

Pharmacodynamics

Lomefloxacin demonstrates potent activity against a range of aerobic gram-negative bacteria, including Escherichia coli and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, as well as gram-positive organisms such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus. It is also effective against various pathogens including Shigella, Salmonella, Campylobacter, and multi-drug resistant strains of Pseudomonas and Enterobacter. Its broad spectrum of activity makes it a valuable option in treating bacterial infections.

Pharmacokinetics

Lomefloxacin is well-absorbed following oral administration. It has a good bioavailability and is widely distributed in body tissues and fluids. The drug undergoes renal excretion, with a significant portion being eliminated unchanged in the urine. Its half-life allows for once or twice daily dosing in most therapeutic regimens.

Adverse effects

• nausea
• diarrhea
• dizziness
• headache
• insomnia
• photosensitivity
• tendon rupture
• QT prolongation

Interactions

• Antacids
• Sucralfate
• Iron supplements
• Warfarin
• Theophylline

Precautions

• Caution in patients with a history of tendon disorders
• Caution in patients with renal impairment
• Caution in patients with CNS disorders

Pregnancy

Lomefloxacin should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Consultation with a healthcare professional is advised.

Breast-feeding

Lomefloxacin is excreted in breast milk. Caution should be exercised when administering to breastfeeding mothers.

Storage

Store at room temperature, away from moisture and heat. Keep out of reach of children.

Formulations

• Tablets
• Injectable solution

Mechanism of action

Lomefloxacin is a bactericidal fluoroquinolone agent with activity against a wide range of gram-negative and gram-positive organisms. The bactericidal action of lomefloxacin results from interference with the activity of the bacterial enzymes DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, which are needed for the transcription and replication of bacterial DNA. DNA gyrase appears to be the primary quinolone target for gram-negative bacteria. Topoisomerase IV appears to be the preferential target in gram-positive organisms. Interference with these two topoisomerases results in strand breakage of the bacterial chromosome, supercoiling, and resealing. As a result DNA replication and transcription is inhibited.

Pharmacodynamics

Lomefloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic used to treat chronic bronchitis, as well as complicated and uncomplicated urinary tract infections. It is also used as a prophylactic or preventative treatment to prevent urinary tract infections in patients undergoing transrectal or transurethral surgical procedures. Flouroquinolones such as lomefloxacin possess excellent activity against gram-negative aerobic bacteria such as <i>E.coli</i> and <i>Neisseria gonorrhoea</i> as well as gram-positive bacteria including <i>S. pneumoniae</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>. They also posses effective activity against shigella, salmonella, campylobacter, gonococcal organisms, and multi drug resistant pseudomonas and enterobacter.