MEDISTOP SUSPENSION

Indications

• Acute diarrhea
• Chronic diarrhea
• Gastroenteritis
• Toxin absorption

Dosage

Children: Refer to established guidelines for specific dosing, as dosing may vary based on formulation and clinical context.

Adults: Refer to established guidelines for specific dosing, as dosing may vary based on formulation and clinical context.

Mechanism of action

Kaolin acts by adsorbing various substances within the gastrointestinal tract. It binds to toxins, bacteria, and other pathogens, which helps to prevent their absorption into the bloodstream. This action reduces the irritation of the intestinal lining and helps restore normal bowel function.

Pharmacodynamics

The pharmacodynamic effects of kaolin include its ability to absorb and retain moisture, which can help solidify feces. Its adsorbent properties may also contribute to its therapeutic effects in gastrointestinal disturbances. By binding to pathogens and toxins, kaolin may reduce inflammation and irritation in the gut.

Pharmacokinetics

Kaolin is not absorbed systemically when administered orally; it remains in the gastrointestinal tract where it exerts its effects. The elimination of kaolin occurs through fecal excretion. Its local action in the gut allows it to exert therapeutic benefits without significant systemic exposure.

Adverse effects

• Constipation
• Abdominal discomfort
• Nausea
• Vomiting

Precautions

• Use with caution in patients with gastrointestinal obstruction
• Monitor for potential constipation, especially in elderly patients

Pregnancy

Kaolin is generally considered safe during pregnancy, but it should be used under medical supervision.

Breast-feeding

Kaolin is not known to be excreted in breast milk and is considered safe during breastfeeding.

Storage

Store in a cool, dry place away from light. Keep out of reach of children.

Formulations

• Oral suspension
• Powder

Indications

• Constipation
• Diarrhea
• Cholesterol management

Dosage

Children: Refer to BNF for Children for specific dosing guidance.

Adults: Refer to BNF for specific dosing guidance.

Mechanism of action

Pectin acts as an adsorbent that binds to bacteria, toxins, and other irritants in the intestinal mucosa. It decreases the pH in the intestinal lumen, providing a soothing effect on irritated mucosa. In the presence of dietary cholesterol, pectin effectively lowers plasma cholesterol levels by reducing its absorption from the intestinal tract.

Pharmacodynamics

Pectin increases the viscosity and volume of stools, which aids in managing constipation and diarrhea. Its effects on body components, including cholesterol levels, vary depending on the type of pectin and its composition. While some studies suggest potential benefits in cholesterol reduction, the data remains inconclusive and further research is needed.

Pharmacokinetics

Pectin is not extensively absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract due to its polysaccharide nature, which allows it to remain largely intact as it passes through. Its effects are primarily local within the gut, where it exerts its actions on stool consistency and adsorbs various substances.

Pregnancy

Pectin is generally considered safe during pregnancy. However, it is advisable to consult a healthcare provider before use.

Breast-feeding

Pectin is considered safe during breastfeeding. It is recommended to consult a healthcare provider prior to use.

Storage

Store in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight and moisture.

Formulations

• Powder
• Capsules
• Liquid

Mechanism of action

Pectin is an adsorbent that binds to bacteria, toxins and other irritants in the intestinal mucosa. Pectin is able to decrease the pH in the intestinal lumen and provides a soothing effect on the irritated mucosa. IN WIDE VARIETY OF TRIALS (SWINE, CHICKENS, RABBITS, RATS & MAN) ORAL PECTIN HAD EITHER NO EFFECT OR INCR PLASMA CHOLESTEROL IN ABSENCE OF DIETARY CHOLESTEROL, BUT EFFECTIVELY LOWERED PLASMA CHOLESTEROL...IN PRESENCE OF EXOGENOUS CHOLESTEROL BY DECR CHOLESTROL ABSORPTION FROM INTESTINAL TRACT.

Pharmacodynamics

Pectin increases viscosity and volume of stools which helps it to be used for constipation and diarrhea. It is reported as well to present lowering effects of different body components. This effect depends on the type of pectin which indicated that this effect is related to the composition of the correspondent pectin. Nonetheless, this data is still unclear and more studies need to be performed to conclude this effect of pectin.