MEHECO
Lactose (Lactose Monohydrate) 450 mg,Oxaliplatin 50 mg,Water for Injection 10 ml
What it does
Lactose is a sugar found in milk and dairy products. It is often used as an excipient in medications.
Commonly used for: lactose intolerance, as a filler in tablets and capsules
Read more in plain English ↓Plain-language summary for general understanding - not medical advice. Always follow your pharmacist/doctor.
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Sourcing - Kenya onlyRegistration & product details
Source: Tanzania Medicines and Medical Devices Authority · fetched 2026-03-11 23:39:34 · updated 2026-10-19 03:00:44
About lactose
Lactose is a sugar found in milk and dairy products. It is often used as an excipient in medications.
What it treats
- lactose intolerance
- as a filler in tablets and capsules
How it works
Lactose helps improve the texture and stability of medications and is sometimes used as a sweetener.
Who it's for
Individuals who require lactose as part of their medication or those who consume dairy products.
Cautions
- • May cause digestive issues in people with lactose intolerance.
AI-assisted summary grounded in BNF data - general information only, not medical advice. Always confirm with your pharmacist or doctor.
About oxaliplatin
Oxaliplatin is a chemotherapy medication used to treat certain types of cancer.
What it treats
- colorectal cancer
- cancer of the large intestine
How it works
It works by stopping the growth of cancer cells in the body.
Who it's for
It is prescribed for patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer.
Cautions
- • Be careful if you are taking medicines that can harm your kidneys.
- • Avoid drugs that can affect your bone marrow.
- • Use caution with medications that can affect your hearing.
AI-assisted summary grounded in BNF data - general information only, not medical advice. Always confirm with your pharmacist or doctor.
Clinical monograph: lactose
BNF-referencedLactose is a disaccharide sugar composed of galactose and glucose, primarily found in milk and dairy products. It serves as a source of energy and is metabolized by the enzyme lactase. In individuals with lactase deficiency, lactose can lead to gastrointestinal symptoms such as bloating, diarrhea, and abdominal pain.
Indications
- Lactose intolerance
- As a filler or excipient in pharmaceutical formulations
Dosage
Children: Refer to the BNF for Children for specific dosing information based on age and clinical context.
Adults: Refer to the BNF for specific dosing information based on clinical context.
Mechanism of action
Lactose is metabolized in the intestine by the enzyme lactase into its constituent monosaccharides, glucose and galactose. In individuals with lactase deficiency, unabsorbed lactose passes into the colon, where it is fermented by bacteria, leading to gas production and osmotic effects that contribute to diarrhea.
Pharmacodynamics
The pharmacodynamics of lactose are primarily related to its effects on gastrointestinal function. In healthy individuals, lactose is effectively broken down into glucose and galactose, which are absorbed and utilized for energy. In individuals with lactose intolerance, the unabsorbed lactose can cause osmotic diarrhea and colonic fermentation, leading to discomfort and symptoms associated with lactose intolerance.
Pharmacokinetics
Lactose is not absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract until it is hydrolyzed into glucose and galactose by lactase. The absorption of glucose and galactose occurs in the small intestine. The half-life is not applicable as lactose is not typically administered as a medication but is rather ingested as a natural component of food. Its metabolism primarily occurs in the intestine.
Adverse effects
- Bloating
- Diarrhea
- Abdominal pain
- Flatulence
Precautions
- Use with caution in patients with lactose intolerance.
- Consider potential for gastrointestinal upset in sensitive individuals.
Pregnancy
Lactose is generally considered safe for use during pregnancy. However, consult a healthcare professional for individual advice.
Breast-feeding
Lactose is safe to use while breastfeeding, as it is a natural sugar present in breast milk.
Storage
Store in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight.
Formulations
- Powder
- Granules
- Tablets
- Syrup
AI-synthesized from BNF references - general information only, not a substitute for professional medical advice or the current BNF. Verify doses with a pharmacist.
Clinical monograph: Oxaliplatin
BNF-referencedOxaliplatin is a platinum-based antineoplastic agent used in the treatment of various malignancies, particularly metastatic colorectal cancer. It is often administered in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents such as fluorouracil and folinic acid. The drug is known for its ability to interfere with DNA synthesis, leading to cell death and the inhibition of tumor growth.
Indications
- Treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer in combination with fluorouracil and folinic acid
- Adjuvant treatment of colon cancer after resection of the primary tumor
Dosage
Children: Refer to the BNF for Children for appropriate dosing in the paediatric population, as specific doses for children are not provided in the BNF for Adults.
Adults: Consult product literature for specific dosing guidelines. The typical adult dose is often around 85 mg/m² administered intravenously every two weeks, but this may vary based on the specific regimen and patient condition.
Mechanism of action
Oxaliplatin exerts its cytotoxic effects by forming DNA cross-links, which inhibit DNA replication and transcription. The drug is converted within the body to reactive platinum species that bind to DNA, leading to the formation of interstrand cross-links and ultimately triggering apoptosis in rapidly dividing cancer cells. This mechanism is particularly effective in targeting cancerous tissues that are highly proliferative.
Pharmacodynamics
The pharmacodynamics of oxaliplatin involve its ability to induce apoptosis in cancer cells through DNA damage. This damage activates several cellular pathways, including the p53 pathway, which is critical for cell cycle regulation and apoptosis. Additionally, oxaliplatin's unique structure allows it to bypass some resistance mechanisms that cancer cells develop against other platinum compounds, making it a valuable option in chemotherapy regimens.
Pharmacokinetics
Oxaliplatin is administered intravenously and has a distribution volume of approximately 16 L/m². Its plasma protein binding is around 95%. The drug undergoes rapid biotransformation in the liver, resulting in several metabolites, with the active form being the platinum-DNA adducts. The elimination half-life is approximately 1-2 hours, and it is primarily excreted via the urine as metabolites and unchanged drug. Dose adjustments may be necessary in patients with hepatic impairment.
Contra-indications
- Peripheral neuropathy with functional impairment
Adverse effects
- Alopecia
- Anaemia
- Appetite decrease
- Arthralgia
- Asthenia
- Chills
- Conjunctivitis
- Constipation
- Cough
- Decreased leukocytes
- Dehydration
- Depression
- Diarrhoea
- Dizziness
- Dyspnoea
- Electrolyte imbalance
- Embolism
- Thrombosis
- Fever
- Flushing
- Gastrointestinal discomfort
- Gastrointestinal disorders
- Haemorrhage
- Headache
- Hiccups
- Hyperglycaemia
- Hyperhidrosis
- Hypersensitivity
- Hypertension
- Increased risk of infection
- Insomnia
- Meningism
- Mucositis
- Nail disorders
- Peripheral neuropathy
- Skin reactions
- Stomatitis
- Taste alteration
- Thrombocytopenia
- Urinary disorders
- Vision disorders
- Vomiting
- Weight changes
Pregnancy
Manufacturer advises to avoid due to toxicity in animal studies.
Breast-feeding
Discontinue breastfeeding.
Storage
Store below 25 degrees Celsius. Protect from light.
Formulations
- Oxaliplatin 50mg/10ml concentrate for solution for infusion vials
- Oxaliplatin 100mg/100ml solution for infusion vials
- Oxaliplatin 200mg/40ml concentrate for solution for infusion vials
AI-synthesized from BNF references - general information only, not a substitute for professional medical advice or the current BNF. Verify doses with a pharmacist.
Molecular reference: lactose
PubChem CID 6134Molecular formula: C12H22O11
Source: PubChem (NCBI) · pathways from PathBank, Reactome, WikiPathways & PharmGKB.
Molecular reference: Oxaliplatin
PubChem CID 9887053Molecular formula: C8H14N2O4Pt
Source: PubChem (NCBI) · pathways from PathBank, Reactome, WikiPathways & PharmGKB.
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