Neuroxone Injection

Indications

• Cognitive impairment
• Stroke rehabilitation
• Alzheimer's disease
• Head trauma
• Age-related cognitive decline

Dosage

Children: Refer to the BNF for Children for specific dosing recommendations in paediatric populations.

Adults: Refer to the BNF for appropriate dosing in adults, as it may vary based on the condition being treated.

Mechanism of action

Citicoline serves as a precursor for the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine, a major component of neuronal membranes. It is metabolized into choline and cytidine, both of which contribute to the regeneration of damaged neuronal membranes and promote the release of neurotransmitters. The enhancement of dopaminergic neurotransmission and neuroprotective effects against ischemia and excitotoxicity are also attributed to citicoline.

Pharmacodynamics

Citicoline has been shown to enhance memory and cognitive function, particularly in patients with cognitive deficits. It exerts neuroprotective effects by stabilizing cell membranes, promoting neuronal repair, and enhancing synaptic plasticity. Clinical studies have suggested improvements in attention, memory, and overall cognitive performance in various populations, including those with Alzheimer's disease and stroke.

Pharmacokinetics

Citicoline is well-absorbed following oral administration, with peak plasma concentrations achieved within 1-2 hours. It is rapidly metabolized into its active components, choline and cytidine. The elimination half-life of citicoline is approximately 3 hours, and it is primarily excreted through urine. The drug has good bioavailability and can cross the blood-brain barrier, making it effective for central nervous system conditions.

Adverse effects

• headache
• nausea
• diarrhea
• insomnia
• abdominal pain

Precautions

• Use with caution in patients with a history of hypersensitivity to citicoline or any of its components.
• Monitor patients with a history of seizures.

Pregnancy

Citicoline should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. There is limited data on its safety in pregnancy.

Breast-feeding

Citicoline is excreted in human milk; caution should be exercised when administered to nursing women.

Storage

Store at room temperature, away from moisture and heat. Keep out of reach of children.

Formulations

• oral tablets
• oral solution