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Indications

• Pain management
• Vaccination
• Antibiotic therapy
• Hormonal therapies
• Anesthesia
• Nutritional support
• Chemotherapy

Dosage

Children: Refer to specific drug guidelines for paediatric dosing, as it requires careful consideration of weight and age.

Adults: Refer to specific drug guidelines for adult dosing, as it varies widely depending on the medication and clinical condition.

Mechanism of action

The mechanism of action of injected drugs varies widely based on the specific medication being administered. Generally, injected drugs enter the bloodstream directly, allowing them to circulate rapidly throughout the body. For instance, antibiotics may work by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis, while analgesics may modulate pain pathways in the central nervous system. Each drug has unique pathways through which it achieves its therapeutic effects.

Pharmacodynamics

Pharmacodynamics refers to the effects of drugs on the body and their mechanisms of action. For injectable medications, effects can be immediate or delayed, depending on the drug's formulation and route of administration. Factors influencing pharmacodynamics include receptor affinity, drug concentration, and the presence of other substances that may enhance or inhibit the drug's effects. For example, some injectable drugs may require specific receptors to exert their effects, while others may have a broader range of action.

Pharmacokinetics

Pharmacokinetics involves the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of injected drugs. After administration, drugs are rapidly absorbed into the bloodstream, leading to quick therapeutic effects. The distribution depends on factors such as blood flow, tissue permeability, and protein binding. Drugs are metabolized primarily in the liver and excreted through the kidneys or bile. The pharmacokinetic profile can vary widely based on the drug's chemical nature, dosage, and individual patient factors.

Pregnancy

Safety during pregnancy depends on the specific injection and its active ingredients. It is essential to consult a healthcare professional for guidance.

Breast-feeding

The safety of injections during breastfeeding varies by the specific medication. It is recommended to seek advice from a healthcare provider.

Storage

Store injections as per manufacturer's guidelines, usually in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight. Some may require refrigeration.

Indications

• Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
• Narcolepsy
• Chronic fatigue syndrome
• Depression (off-label)

Dosage

Children: Refer to the BNF for Children for appropriate dosing information in paediatric patients.

Adults: Refer to clinical guidelines or prescribing information for specific dosing recommendations, as they vary based on indication and individual patient factors.

Mechanism of action

Make primarily acts as a monoamine reuptake inhibitor, increasing the levels of neurotransmitters such as dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin in the synaptic cleft. This action is thought to contribute to its stimulant effects, enhancing mood and alertness.

Pharmacodynamics

The pharmacodynamics of Make involve the modulation of neurotransmitter systems in the brain. By inhibiting the reuptake of monoamines, it enhances synaptic transmission and increases overall neuronal excitability. It may also exhibit effects on peripheral adrenergic receptors, leading to increased heart rate and blood pressure.

Pharmacokinetics

Make is absorbed rapidly after administration, with peak plasma concentrations occurring within 1-2 hours. It is extensively metabolized in the liver, primarily via cytochrome P450 enzymes, and has a half-life of approximately 6-8 hours. Elimination occurs mainly through renal excretion of metabolites.

Pregnancy

The safety of make during pregnancy has not been established. Caution should be exercised.

Breast-feeding

It is unknown whether make is excreted in human milk. Caution should be exercised when administering to nursing mothers.

Storage

Store at room temperature, away from moisture and light. Keep out of reach of children.