OXYALTH LA 20% Injection

Indications

• Bacterial infections
• Respiratory tract infections
• Urinary tract infections
• Skin infections
• Acne
• Cholera
• Brucellosis

Dosage

Children: Refer to the BNF for Children for specific pa

Adults: Refer to established guidelines for appropriate dosing, usually determined by the type and severity of the infection being treated.

Mechanism of action

Oxytetracycline exerts its antibacterial effect by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit of bacteria, inhibiting the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to the mRNA-ribosome complex. This disruption in protein synthesis prevents the growth and replication of bacteria. Additionally, oxytetracycline can interfere with the function of some enzymes and the transport of certain molecules across bacterial membranes.

Pharmacodynamics

The pharmacodynamics of oxytetracycline include its bacteriostatic activity, which means that it halts bacterial growth rather than killing the bacteria outright. The effectiveness of oxytetracycline is influenced by factors such as the specific organism being targeted, the site of infection, and the presence of resistant strains. Its broad-spectrum activity makes it a useful option for empirical therapy in various infections.

Pharmacokinetics

Oxytetracycline is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, with peak plasma concentrations occurring approximately 1 to 2 hours after oral administration. It is distributed widely throughout body tissues and fluids, including the liver, kidneys, and lungs. The drug has a half-life of approximately 6 to 12 hours, with renal excretion being the primary route of elimination, although it can also be excreted in bile. Food and certain medications can affect its absorption, hence it is often recommended to take oxytetracycline on an empty stomach.

Contra-indications

• Hypersensitivity to oxytetracycline or any of its components
• Pregnancy, especially during the second and third trimesters
• Children under 8 years of age due to the risk of permanent tooth discoloration

Adverse effects

• Gastrointestinal disturbances such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea
• Photosensitivity reactions
• Discoloration of teeth
• Impaired liver function
• Superinfection due to prolonged use
• Allergic reactions including rash and anaphylaxis

Interactions

• Antacids containing aluminum, calcium, or magnesium, which can reduce the absorption of oxytetracycline
• Iron supplements, which may also interfere with absorption
• Oral contraceptives, as oxytetracycline may reduce their effectiveness
• Warfarin, due to potential alterations in anticoagulant effects

Precautions

• Use with caution in patients with renal impairment, as dosage adjustment may be required
• Monitor for signs of superinfection during prolonged therapy
• Advise patients about the risk of photosensitivity and the need for sun protection
• Consider alternative therapies in pediatric populations due to the risk of tooth discoloration

Pregnancy

Oxytetracycline is contraindicated during pregnancy, particularly in the second and third trimesters, as it can affect fetal development and lead to permanent tooth discoloration.

Breast-feeding

Oxytetracycline is excreted in breast milk and may affect the infant, therefore, caution is advised and alternative treatments should be considered.

Storage

Store in a cool, dry place away from light. Keep out of reach of children.

Formulations

• Tablets
• Capsules
• Injection solution