Oxyfarm 5

Indications

• Bacterial infections
• Respiratory tract infections
• Urinary tract infections
• Skin infections
• Acne vulgaris
• Chlamydia infections
• Rickettsial infections
• Mycoplasma pneumonia

Dosage

Children: Refer to the BNF for Children for specific dosing information based on age and weight.

Adults: Refer to the BNF for specific dosing information as it varies based on the type and severity of infection.

Mechanism of action

Oxytetracycline exerts its antibacterial activity by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit of bacteria, which prevents the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to the mRNA-ribosome complex. This action inhibits protein synthesis in bacteria, leading to cell growth arrest and eventual cell death.

Pharmacodynamics

Oxytetracycline demonstrates a bacteriostatic effect, meaning it inhibits the growth and reproduction of bacteria rather than killing them directly. The spectrum of activity includes many gram-positive cocci, gram-negative rods, and some protozoa. Resistance to tetracyclines can develop through various mechanisms, including efflux pumps and ribosomal protection proteins.

Pharmacokinetics

Oxytetracycline is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, but its absorption can be affected by the presence of food and divalent or trivalent metal ions. It has a volume of distribution that allows it to penetrate tissues and body fluids effectively. The drug is primarily excreted unchanged in the urine, which is important for its therapeutic effects in urinary tract infections. The half-life of oxytetracycline typically ranges from 6 to 12 hours, depending on the formulation and individual patient factors.

Contra-indications

• Hypersensitivity to oxytetracycline or any of its excipients
• Pregnancy
• Children under 12 years of age
• Severe hepatic impairment
• Severe renal impairment

Adverse effects

• Gastrointestinal disturbances (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea)
• Photosensitivity
• Esophageal irritation
• Discoloration of teeth (in children)
• Superinfection due to resistant organisms
• Hepatotoxicity
• Allergic reactions (rash, urticaria)

Interactions

• Antacids containing aluminum, magnesium, or calcium may reduce absorption
• Iron supplements can interfere with absorption
• Oral contraceptives may be less effective
• Warfarin may have an increased effect
• Other tetracyclines may enhance the effects or toxicity

Precautions

• Use with caution in patients with liver or kidney disease
• Monitor for signs of superinfection
• Advise patients to avoid prolonged sun exposure
• Assess for potential drug interactions
• Use with caution in patients with myasthenia gravis

Pregnancy

Oxytetracycline is contraindicated in pregnancy due to potential harm to the developing fetus, including effects on bone and teeth development.

Breast-feeding

Oxytetracycline is excreted in breast milk and may affect the infant's gut flora. It is generally advised to avoid use during breastfeeding.

Storage

Store in a cool, dry place away from light. Keep out of reach of children.

Formulations

• Oral tablets
• Oral suspension
• Injectable solution