PROCYTOX INJECTION
CYCLOPHOSSPHAMIDE 500MG INJECTION.
What it does
Cyclophosphamide is a medication used primarily in cancer treatment and certain autoimmune diseases. It helps to kill or slow the growth of cancer cells and suppress the immune system.
Commonly used for: cancer (various types), systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis
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Source: Pharmacy and Poisons Board · fetched 2026-01-28 19:36:29 · updated 2026-08-03 02:23:14
About this medicine
Cyclophosphamide is a medication used primarily in cancer treatment and certain autoimmune diseases. It helps to kill or slow the growth of cancer cells and suppress the immune system.
What it treats
- cancer (various types)
- systemic lupus erythematosus
- rheumatoid arthritis
How it works
Cyclophosphamide works by interfering with the growth and spread of cancer cells and affecting the immune system to reduce inflammation.
Who it's for
This medication is for adults and sometimes children who have specific types of cancer or autoimmune conditions.
AI-assisted summary grounded in BNF data - general information only, not medical advice. Always confirm with your pharmacist or doctor.
Clinical monograph: cyclophossphamide
Cyclophosphamide is an alkylating antineoplastic agent used primarily in the treatment of various cancers and autoimmune disorders. It functions by interfering with the DNA replication process, leading to cell death. Cyclophosphamide is a prodrug that requires metabolic activation in the liver to become pharmacologically active.
Indications
- Breast cancer
- Ovarian cancer
- Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
- Hodgkin lymphoma
- Multiple myeloma
- Leukemia
- Systemic lupus erythematosus
- Wegener's granulomatosis
- Rheumatoid arthritis
Dosage
Children: Refer to the BNF for Children for appropriate dosing information.
Adults: Refer to specific clinical guidelines for dosage, as it varies based on the indication and patient factors.
Mechanism of action
Cyclophosphamide is activated in the liver to form phosphoramide mustard, which directly binds to DNA, resulting in cross-linking of DNA strands. This cross-linking inhibits DNA replication and transcription, ultimately leading to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, particularly in rapidly dividing cells.
Pharmacodynamics
Cyclophosphamide exhibits dose-dependent cytotoxicity against a wide range of malignant cells. Its effects are most pronounced in the S phase of the cell cycle, where DNA synthesis occurs. The drug's immunosuppressive properties are also significant, particularly in the treatment of autoimmune diseases, where it reduces the proliferation of lymphocytes.
Pharmacokinetics
After administration, cyclophosphamide is quickly absorbed and extensively metabolized in the liver. The primary metabolites include 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide and phosphoramide mustard, which are responsible for its cytotoxic effects. The drug has a half-life of approximately 6 to 12 hours, and its clearance is influenced by factors such as renal function. Cyclophosphamide and its metabolites are excreted primarily in urine.
Contra-indications
- Hypersensitivity to cyclophosphamide or any of its components
- Severe bone marrow suppression
- Active infections
- Pregnancy (except in life-threatening conditions)
Adverse effects
- Nausea and vomiting
- Bone marrow suppression leading to leukopenia, anemia, and thrombocytopenia
- Hemorrhagic cystitis
- Increased risk of infections
- Alopecia
- Mucosal ulceration
- Secondary malignancies
- Cardiotoxicity
- Pulmonary toxicity
Interactions
- Increased risk of toxicity with other myelosuppressive agents
- Reduced effectiveness of live vaccines
- Increased risk of bleeding with anticoagulants
- CYP2B6 and CYP3A4 substrates may have altered metabolism
Precautions
- Monitor complete blood counts regularly due to risk of myelosuppression
- Ensure adequate hydration to reduce risk of hemorrhagic cystitis
- Use caution in patients with pre-existing renal or hepatic impairment
- Assess for potential risk of secondary malignancies
- Consider fertility preservation options before treatment initiation
Pregnancy
Cyclophosphamide is contraindicated in pregnancy due to potential teratogenic effects and risk to the fetus.
Breast-feeding
Cyclophosphamide is excreted in breast milk; breastfeeding is not recommended during treatment.
Storage
Store in a cool, dry place, protected from light. Keep out of reach of children.
Formulations
- Oral tablets
- Intravenous solution
AI-synthesized from BNF references - general information only, not a substitute for professional medical advice or the current BNF. Verify doses with a pharmacist.