PYODINE GEL

Indications

• Skin antisepsis before surgery
• Disinfection of minor cuts and abrasions
• Prevention of infection in minor wounds
• Preparation of skin for invasive procedures

Dosage

Children: For pediatric use, apply as directed by a healthcare professional, ensuring that it is used in appropriate concentrations and not on large areas of the body.

Adults: For topical use, apply directly to the affected area as needed or as directed by a healthcare professional. Avoid using on large areas of broken skin or for prolonged periods.

Mechanism of action

Povidone-iodine releases iodine when in contact with skin or mucous membranes, leading to the disruption of microbial cell walls and the denaturation of proteins. Iodine interacts with the amino acids in microbial proteins, causing cellular damage and death. The broad-spectrum activity is attributed to its ability to inactivate proteins and nucleic acids within the microorganisms.

Pharmacodynamics

Povidone exhibits rapid antimicrobial activity, with effects starting within minutes of application. The antimicrobial efficacy is influenced by concentration, exposure time, and the presence of organic matter. At higher concentrations, povidone-iodine can cause skin irritation or sensitization, while at lower concentrations, it is generally well tolerated.

Pharmacokinetics

Povidone-iodine is primarily used topically, and systemic absorption is minimal when used as directed. It is not significantly absorbed through intact skin, and any iodine released into the bloodstream is rapidly excreted by the kidneys. The half-life of iodine in the bloodstream is relatively short, leading to transient elevations in serum iodine levels, which generally return to baseline levels within a few hours.

Contra-indications

• Hypersensitivity to povidone-iodine or any of the excipients
• Thyroid disorders (especially hyperthyroidism)
• Severe renal impairment

Adverse effects

• Skin irritation
• Allergic reactions
• Burning sensation at the site of application
• Staining of skin and clothing
• Thyroid dysfunction (with prolonged use)

Interactions

• May interact with other antiseptics and disinfectants
• May interfere with thyroid function tests
• Not to be used concurrently with silver sulfadiazine

Precautions

• Use with caution in patients with a history of thyroid disease
• Avoid use on large wounds or deep puncture wounds
• Not for internal use
• Should not be used over large areas of broken skin or for prolonged periods

Pregnancy

Use only if clearly needed, as safety in pregnancy has not been established.

Breast-feeding

Povidone-iodine is excreted in breast milk; use with caution.

Storage

Store at room temperature, away from direct sunlight and heat.

Formulations

• Topical solution
• Ointment
• Surgical scrub
• Irrigation solution