What it does
Interferon is a medicine used to help the body fight infections and diseases, especially certain types of viral infections and cancers.
Commonly used for: viral infections (such as hepatitis), certain types of cancer (like melanoma and leukemia), multiple sclerosis
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Source: Pharmacy and Poisons Board · fetched 2026-01-28 21:06:24 · updated 2026-07-26 13:48:46
About this medicine
Interferon is a medicine used to help the body fight infections and diseases, especially certain types of viral infections and cancers.
What it treats
- viral infections (such as hepatitis)
- certain types of cancer (like melanoma and leukemia)
- multiple sclerosis
How it works
Interferon boosts the immune system, helping it to recognize and attack viruses and cancer cells more effectively.
Who it's for
Interferon is prescribed for people with specific viral infections, some cancers, or autoimmune diseases like multiple sclerosis.
Cautions
- • May cause flu-like symptoms such as fever and fatigue.
- • Regular monitoring may be needed for liver function.
AI-assisted summary grounded in BNF data - general information only, not medical advice. Always confirm with your pharmacist or doctor.
Clinical monograph: interferon
Interferon is a type of cytokine that plays a crucial role in the immune response against infections and cancers. It is produced by host cells in response to viral infections and has antiviral, antiproliferative, and immunomodulatory effects. Interferons are used in various clinical settings, including the treatment of viral infections such as hepatitis B and C, certain types of cancers, and multiple sclerosis.
Indications
- Hepatitis B
- Hepatitis C
- Multiple sclerosis
- Certain types of cancer (e.g., melanoma, renal cell carcinoma)
- Condylomata acuminata (genital warts)
Dosage
Children: Refer to BNF for Children for appropriate dosing regimens based on the condition being treated.
Adults: Refer to specific product guidelines and BNF for appropriate dosing regimens based on the condition being treated.
Mechanism of action
Interferon exerts its effects by binding to specific receptors on the surface of cells, leading to the activation of intracellular signaling pathways that promote the expression of genes involved in antiviral defense, apoptosis, and immune regulation. This results in the inhibition of viral replication, enhancement of antigen presentation, and modulation of immune cell activity.
Pharmacodynamics
Interferon enhances the activity of immune cells such as natural killer cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes. It promotes the production of various cytokines and chemokines that facilitate the immune response. Additionally, interferon has antiproliferative effects on certain tumor cells, making it useful in oncology.
Pharmacokinetics
Interferons are usually administered via subcutaneous or intramuscular injection, with peak plasma concentrations occurring approximately 3 to 8 hours after administration. They have a relatively short half-life, typically ranging from 2 to 6 hours, depending on the specific type of interferon and formulation. Interferons are metabolized primarily in the liver and excreted via the kidneys.
Contra-indications
- Severe hypersensitivity to interferon or any of its components
- Autoimmune diseases
- Severe liver disease
- Pregnancy (unless the benefit outweighs the risk)
- Severe depression or other psychiatric disorders
Adverse effects
- Flu-like symptoms (fever, chills, fatigue, headache)
- Injection site reactions (pain, redness, swelling)
- Neuropsychiatric effects (depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation)
- Hematological effects (leukopenia, thrombocytopenia)
- Liver enzyme elevation
- Thyroid dysfunction (hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism)
Interactions
- Caution with drugs that affect the immune system
- Caution with other hepatotoxic drugs
- Potential interaction with antiepileptic medications leading to altered seizure control
Precautions
- Monitor for signs of depression or other psychiatric symptoms
- Regular monitoring of liver function tests
- Assess thyroid function prior to and during treatment
- Use caution in patients with cardiovascular disease
Pregnancy
Interferon is generally contraindicated in pregnancy due to potential risks to the fetus. It should only be used if the potential benefits justify the risks.
Breast-feeding
Caution is advised when administering interferon to breastfeeding mothers. The effects on the nursing infant are unknown.
Storage
Store in a refrigerator (2 to 8 degrees Celsius). Do not freeze. Protect from light.
Formulations
- Interferon alfa-2a
- Interferon alfa-2b
- Pegylated interferon alfa-2a
- Pegylated interferon alfa-2b
AI-synthesized from BNF references - general information only, not a substitute for professional medical advice or the current BNF. Verify doses with a pharmacist.
This drug in other countries
The same active ingredient registered across other registries we cover - including different brands.