SEKISAN SYRUP

Indications

• Cough associated with upper respiratory tract infections
• Cough due to allergic conditions
• Cough related to bronchitis

Dosage

Children: Refer to the BNF for Children for specific dosing information.

Adults: The usual adult dose is 10 mg taken three times a day. In severe cases, the dose may be increased to 20 mg taken three times a day, depending on clinical response.

Mechanism of action

Cloperastine acts as a cough suppressant by inhibiting the cough reflex at the medullary level in the central nervous system. It also exhibits antihistaminic activity, which may contribute to its efficacy in alleviating cough associated with allergic conditions.

Pharmacodynamics

Cloperastine's primary action is on the central nervous system, where it reduces the frequency and intensity of coughing. Its antihistaminic effects help in managing cough related to allergic reactions. The onset of action is relatively quick, providing relief from cough symptoms.

Pharmacokinetics

Cloperastine is well-absorbed after oral administration, with peak plasma concentrations typically occurring within 1-2 hours. The drug is metabolized in the liver and has a half-life that allows for dosing every 4 to 6 hours. It is excreted primarily through the kidneys, with both unchanged drug and metabolites appearing in the urine.

Contra-indications

• hypersensitivity to cloperastine or any of its components
• severe respiratory failure
• asthma exacerbation

Adverse effects

• drowsiness
• dry mouth
• nausea
• vomiting
• constipation
• excitability in children

Interactions

• may enhance the sedative effects of alcohol and other CNS depressants
• caution with concomitant use of other anticholinergic drugs

Precautions

• use with caution in patients with a history of asthma or respiratory conditions
• monitor for drowsiness and avoid activities requiring alertness
• consider renal and hepatic function before prescribing

Pregnancy

Cloperastine should be used in pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus, as there is limited data on its safety.

Breast-feeding

Cloperastine is not recommended during breastfeeding due to the potential for adverse effects in nursing infants.

Storage

Store in a cool, dry place away from light. Keep out of reach of children.

Formulations

• syrup
• tablets

Indications

• Pain management
• Inflammatory disorders
• Arthritis
• Musculoskeletal pain
• Postoperative pain

Dosage

Children: Refer to the BNF for Children for specific dosing guidelines.

Adults: Refer to the BNF for specific dosing guidelines.

Mechanism of action

Fendizoate exerts its effects through the inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, which play a crucial role in the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins. Prostaglandins are mediators of inflammation and pain, and their reduction leads to decreased inflammatory responses and alleviation of pain.

Pharmacodynamics

The pharmacodynamics of fendizoate involve its ability to modulate inflammatory pathways by inhibiting COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes. This inhibition results in decreased production of prostaglandins, which are responsible for generating sensations of pain and fever. By lowering prostaglandin levels, fendizoate reduces pain, swelling, and fever.

Pharmacokinetics

Fendizoate is absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract, with peak plasma concentrations occurring within a few hours post-administration. It is metabolized primarily in the liver and is excreted mainly via urine. The elimination half-life may vary, necessitating careful consideration of dosing intervals in clinical practice.

Pregnancy

There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Fendizoate should only be used if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.

Breast-feeding

It is not known whether fendizoate is excreted in human milk. Caution should be exercised when administering to nursing women.

Storage

Store in a cool, dry place, protected from light. Keep out of reach of children.