TEICOPLANIN MYLAN

Indications

• Serious infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria
• Complicated skin and soft-tissue infections
• Pneumonia
• Endocarditis
• Diabetic foot infections
• Leg ulcer infections
• Cellulitis
• Erysipelas
• Bone and joint infections
• Complicated urinary tract infections
• Surgical prophylaxis in high-risk patients

Dosage

Children: Child 9–11 years (body weight 50 kg and above): 1–2 g for 1 dose, which can be given for 3 days if severely ill or previous therapy failed. Child

Adults: Initially 6 mg/kg every 12 hours for 3 doses, then 6 mg/kg once daily.

Mechanism of action

Teicoplanin inhibits peptidoglycan polymerization, resulting in inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis and cell death.

Pharmacodynamics

As a glycopeptide antibiotic, teicoplanin exhibits a similar spectrum of activity to vancomycin, effectively targeting Gram-positive bacteria. Its mechanism of action is primarily through the inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis, making it effective against various infections, including those caused by Clostridium difficile. It has been shown to be effective in treating pseudomembranous colitis.

Pharmacokinetics

Teicoplanin is administered intravenously or intramuscularly, as it is poorly absorbed when given orally. Following parenteral administration, it achieves high tissue concentrations, particularly in the lungs and skin. The drug has a long half-life, allowing for once-daily dosing after an initial loading dose. Teicoplanin is primarily eliminated via the kidneys, and dosage adjustments may be necessary in patients with renal impairment.

Contra-indications

• Hypersensitivity to teicoplanin or any of its components
• History of glycopeptide sensitivity

Adverse effects

• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Diarrhoea
• Abdominal pain
• Skin reactions
• Dizziness
• Headache
• Increased risk of infection
• Myalgia
• Peripheral oedema
• Tachycardia
• Hypersensitivity reactions including angioedema
• Serious infusion-related reactions
• Ototoxicity
• Thrombocytopenia
• Eosinophilia
• Hypoglycaemia
• Hyperuricaemia
• Chills
• Hypoxia
• Tremor
• Vancomycin-like infusion reaction
• Antibiotic-associated colitis

Interactions

• May interfere with certain laboratory coagulation tests
• Caution advised when used in combination with other antibacterials

Precautions

• Use with caution in patients with a history of renal impairment
• Monitor closely during and after infusion
• Increased risk of dizziness affecting driving and skilled tasks

Pregnancy

Avoid unless potential benefit outweighs risk; no information available on safety.

Breast-feeding

Avoid; present in milk in animal studies.

Storage

Store in a cool, dry place, protected from light. Reconstituted solutions should be used promptly or stored according to product literature.

Formulations

• Teicoplanin for injection (intravenous injection or infusion)
• Teicoplanin intramuscular injection (may be mixed with 1% Lidocaine Hydrochloride for reduced pain)

Mechanism of action

Teicoplanin inhibits peptidoglycan polymerization, resulting in inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis and cell death.

Pharmacodynamics

It is a glycopeptide antiobiotic extracted from <i>Actinoplanes teichomyceticus</i>, with a similar spectrum of activity to vancomycin. Its mechanism of action is to inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis. Oral teicoplanin has been demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of pseudomembranous colitis and Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea, with comparable efficacy to vancomycin.