THYMOGAM INJECTION
ANTITHYMOCYTE GLOBULIN
What it does
Antithymocyte is a medication used to help manage certain immune system conditions.
Commonly used for: treatment of organ transplant rejection, management of severe aplastic anemia
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Source: Pharmacy and Poisons Board · fetched 2026-01-28 21:17:17 · updated 2026-07-20 09:00:30
About antithymocyte
Antithymocyte is a medication used to help manage certain immune system conditions.
What it treats
- treatment of organ transplant rejection
- management of severe aplastic anemia
How it works
It works by targeting and reducing specific cells in the immune system that can attack transplanted organs or affect blood cell production.
Who it's for
This medication is for patients undergoing organ transplants or those with severe blood disorders.
AI-assisted summary grounded in BNF data - general information only, not medical advice. Always confirm with your pharmacist or doctor.
About globulin
Globulin is a type of protein found in the blood that plays an important role in your immune system and overall health.
What it treats
- to support the immune system
- to treat low protein levels in the blood
- to manage certain immune disorders
How it works
Globulin helps fight infections and supports the body's ability to heal by transporting various substances in the blood.
Who it's for
Globulin is used for people with low protein levels or specific immune system conditions.
AI-assisted summary grounded in BNF data - general information only, not medical advice. Always confirm with your pharmacist or doctor.
Clinical monograph: antithymocyte
Antithymocyte is classified as an immunoglobulin and is primarily used in the management of conditions that involve immune system modulation. It is derived from the serum of rabbits or horses that have been immunized with human thymocytes. The drug works by depleting T lymphocytes, thereby affecting the immune response. This property makes it particularly useful in the treatment of conditions such as acute rejection in organ transplantation and certain autoimmune disorders.
Indications
- Acute rejection in organ transplantation
- Aplastic anemia
- Certain autoimmune disorders
Dosage
Children: Refer to the BNF for Children for specific dosing recommendations based on the child's condition and age.
Adults: Refer to the BNF for specific dosing recommendations based on the condition being treated.
Mechanism of action
Antithymocyte acts by binding to T-lymphocyte antigens, leading to their depletion through complement-mediated lysis and cellular apoptosis. The binding of antithymocyte globulin (ATG) to T cells interferes with the normal function of these immune cells, thereby modulating the immune response.
Pharmacodynamics
The pharmacodynamics of antithymocyte involves the modulation of T-cell activity, which is crucial in the prevention of organ transplant rejection and in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. The drug reduces the number of circulating T cells and alters the balance of immune response, promoting tolerance to transplanted organs and decreasing autoantibody production in autoimmune conditions.
Pharmacokinetics
Antithymocyte is administered intravenously and its pharmacokinetics can vary based on the formulation and patient characteristics. The distribution volume is extensive due to its immunoglobulin nature, and it is primarily eliminated through the reticuloendothelial system. The half-life of antithymocyte globulin can vary but is generally in the range of several days, necessitating careful consideration in dosing schedules.
Pregnancy
There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Antithymocyte globulin should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.
Breast-feeding
It is not known whether antithymocyte globulin is excreted in human milk. Caution should be exercised when administering to a nursing woman.
Storage
Store at 2 to 8 degrees Celsius. Do not freeze. Protect from light.
Formulations
- Injection
AI-synthesized from BNF references - general information only, not a substitute for professional medical advice or the current BNF. Verify doses with a pharmacist.
Clinical monograph: globulin
Globulins are a group of proteins in the blood that play a critical role in the immune response, transport of substances, and regulation of osmotic pressure. They are classified into various fractions, including alpha, beta, and gamma globulins, each with distinct functions and roles in the body. Gamma globulins, also known as immunoglobulins, are essential for humoral immunity, aiding in the body's defense against pathogens.
Indications
- Hypogammaglobulinemia
- Immunodeficiency disorders
- Autoimmune diseases (e.g., systemic lupus erythematosus)
- Certain cancers (e.g., multiple myeloma)
- Infections requiring passive immunization
Dosage
Children: Dosage varies based on the specific type and indication. Refer to established guidelines for detailed dosing information.
Adults: Dosage varies based on the specific type and indication. Refer to established guidelines for detailed dosing information.
Mechanism of action
Globulins, particularly immunoglobulins, function by binding to specific antigens (such as bacteria and viruses) and neutralizing them or marking them for destruction by other components of the immune system. They can activate the complement system, enhance phagocytosis, and facilitate the opsonization of pathogens, thus playing a vital role in the immune response.
Pharmacodynamics
The pharmacodynamics of globulins involve their ability to recognize and bind to antigens, leading to the activation of various immune pathways. This binding can trigger immune cell activation, cytokine release, and ultimately the destruction of the antigen. The efficacy of globulins in therapeutic settings is closely tied to their concentration in the plasma and their specific binding affinity to target antigens.
Pharmacokinetics
Globulins are produced primarily in the liver and lymphoid tissues. Their half-life varies significantly depending on the specific type of globulin, with immunoglobulins having half-lives ranging from days to weeks. They are transported in the bloodstream and are distributed throughout the body. The elimination of globulins occurs via proteolytic degradation and renal excretion, although certain immunoglobulins can also undergo recycling through the neonatal Fc receptor.
Adverse effects
- Allergic reactions
- Headache
- Fever
- Chills
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Rash
- Injection site reactions
Precautions
- Use with caution in patients with a history of allergic reactions to immunoglobulins
- Monitor for signs of anaphylaxis during administration
- Consider renal function in patients receiving high doses
Pregnancy
Globulins are generally considered safe for use during pregnancy, but should be used under the guidance of a healthcare provider.
Breast-feeding
Immunoglobulins are excreted in breast milk, but are considered safe for breastfeeding mothers.
Storage
Store below 25°C. Do not freeze. Protect from light.
Formulations
- Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG)
- Subcutaneous immunoglobulin (SCIG)
- Intramuscular immunoglobulin (IMIG)
AI-synthesized from BNF references - general information only, not a substitute for professional medical advice or the current BNF. Verify doses with a pharmacist.
This drug in other countries
The same active ingredient registered across other registries we cover - including different brands.