What it does
Loratadine is an antihistamine that helps relieve allergy symptoms.
Commonly used for: allergic rhinitis (hay fever), urticaria (hives)
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Source: Pharmacy and Poisons Board · fetched 2026-01-28 20:47:08 · updated 2026-07-26 11:37:42
About this medicine
Loratadine is an antihistamine that helps relieve allergy symptoms.
What it treats
- allergic rhinitis (hay fever)
- urticaria (hives)
How it works
It blocks the action of histamine, a substance in the body that causes allergic symptoms.
Who it's for
Loratadine is for adults and children who have allergies or allergy-related conditions.
AI-assisted summary grounded in BNF data - general information only, not medical advice. Always confirm with your pharmacist or doctor.
Clinical monograph: loratadin
Loratadine is a second-generation antihistamine primarily used to alleviate allergic symptoms such as rhinitis and urticaria. It is characterized by its selective inhibition of peripheral H1 receptors, which reduces the effects of histamine and minimizes associated allergic reactions. Loratadine is non-sedating due to its poor penetration across the blood-brain barrier.
Indications
- Allergic rhinitis
- Seasonal allergic rhinitis
- Perennial allergic rhinitis
- Chronic idiopathic urticaria
Dosage
Children: Refer to the BNF for Children for specific dosing guidelines.
Adults: Refer to the BNF for specific dosing guidelines.
Mechanism of action
Loratadine selectively antagonizes peripheral H1 histamine receptors, leading to a decrease in the effects of histamine, a major mediator of allergic symptoms. This mechanism helps to alleviate symptoms such as sneezing, itching, and runny nose. It also inhibits the release of other pro-inflammatory mediators, contributing to its anti-allergic effects.
Pharmacodynamics
Loratadine provides relief from allergic symptoms through its antihistaminic action, which is mediated by its blockade of H1 receptors. Unlike first-generation antihistamines, it has minimal sedative effects due to its selective action and limited central nervous system penetration. The onset of action is typically within 1 to 3 hours, with a duration of effect lasting up to 24 hours.
Pharmacokinetics
Loratadine is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, with peak plasma concentrations occurring approximately 1 to 2 hours post-administration. It is extensively metabolized in the liver, primarily by cytochrome P450 3A4 and 2D6, yielding the active metabolite desloratadine. The elimination half-life ranges from 8 to 14 hours, allowing for once-daily dosing. Loratadine is excreted mainly via urine and feces, with some unchanged drug and metabolites eliminated in urine.
Contra-indications
- Hypersensitivity to loratadine or any of its components
Adverse effects
- Headache
- Drowsiness
- Fatigue
- Dry mouth
- Nausea
- Skin rash
Interactions
- Alcohol may enhance the sedative effects
- CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitors may increase loratadine levels
Precautions
- Use with caution in patients with hepatic impairment
- Caution in patients with renal impairment
Pregnancy
Loratadine is classified as Category B. Studies in pregnant women are limited, and it should only be used if clearly needed.
Breast-feeding
Loratadine is excreted in breast milk, caution is advised when administered to nursing mothers.
Storage
Store at room temperature, away from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Formulations
- Tablets
- Oral solution
- Orally disintegrating tablets
AI-synthesized from BNF references - general information only, not a substitute for professional medical advice or the current BNF. Verify doses with a pharmacist.