What it does
Ivermectin is a medication used to treat various parasitic infections.
Commonly used for: river blindness (onchocerciasis), lymphatic filariasis, scabies, strongyloidiasis
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Source: Pharmacy and Poisons Board · fetched 2026-01-28 20:51:26 · updated 2026-07-26 11:41:57
About this medicine
Ivermectin is a medication used to treat various parasitic infections.
What it treats
- river blindness (onchocerciasis)
- lymphatic filariasis
- scabies
- strongyloidiasis
How it works
Ivermectin works by paralyzing and killing the parasites in the body.
Who it's for
It is for individuals diagnosed with certain parasitic infections.
AI-assisted summary grounded in BNF data - general information only, not medical advice. Always confirm with your pharmacist or doctor.
Clinical monograph: inermectin
Ivermectin is an antiparasitic medication that is primarily used to treat various parasitic infections. It is effective against several types of roundworms, ectoparasites such as lice and scabies, and certain protozoa. Ivermectin works by paralyzing and killing the parasites, which helps eliminate the infection.
Indications
- Onchocerciasis (river blindness)
- Lymphatic filariasis
- Strongyloidiasis
- Scabies
- Head lice
- Cutaneous larva migrans
Dosage
Children: Refer to established guidelines and consult prescribing information for specific dosing recommendations.
Adults: Refer to established guidelines and consult prescribing information for specific dosing recommendations.
Mechanism of action
Ivermectin binds selectively to the glutamate-gated chloride channels and other ion channels, leading to an increased permeability of the cell membrane to chloride ions. This results in paralysis and death of the parasites. Additionally, it may enhance the release of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which contributes to its antiparasitic action.
Pharmacodynamics
The primary pharmacodynamic effect of ivermectin is its ability to kill or inhibit the growth of parasites. It exhibits a broad spectrum of activity against various helminths and ectoparasites. The drug's efficacy is influenced by the dosage and the specific type of parasite being targeted.
Pharmacokinetics
Ivermectin is well-absorbed following oral administration, with peak plasma concentrations typically occurring within 4 hours. It is highly lipophilic, allowing it to distribute widely in tissues, including the central nervous system. The drug is metabolized in the liver, primarily via cytochrome P450 enzymes, and has a half-life of approximately 12 to 36 hours. It is excreted mainly in the feces, with a small percentage eliminated in urine.
Adverse effects
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Dizziness
- Fatigue
- Rash
- Pruritus
Precautions
- Caution in patients with liver impairment
- Use with caution in patients with neurological disorders
- Monitor for signs of allergic reactions
Pregnancy
The safety of inermectin during pregnancy has not been established. It should only be used if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.
Breast-feeding
It is not known whether inermectin is excreted in human milk. Caution should be exercised when administering to nursing mothers.
Storage
Store at room temperature, away from moisture and heat. Keep out of reach of children.
Formulations
- Oral tablet
- Topical solution
AI-synthesized from BNF references - general information only, not a substitute for professional medical advice or the current BNF. Verify doses with a pharmacist.