XONASE JUNIOR 0.05%W/V NASAL DROPS
XYLOMRTAZOLINE HYDROCHLORIDE
What it does
Xylometazoline is a nasal spray that helps relieve nasal congestion.
Commonly used for: nasal congestion (blocked nose), sinusitis, allergic rhinitis (hay fever)
Read more in plain English ↓Plain-language summary for general understanding - not medical advice. Always follow your pharmacist/doctor.
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Source: Pharmacy and Medicines Regulatory Authority · fetched 2026-04-21 17:37:41 · updated 2026-09-29 04:33:05
About this medicine
Xylometazoline is a nasal spray that helps relieve nasal congestion.
What it treats
- nasal congestion (blocked nose)
- sinusitis
- allergic rhinitis (hay fever)
How it works
It works by narrowing the blood vessels in the nasal passages, reducing swelling and allowing easier breathing.
Who it's for
It is suitable for adults and children over a certain age, but always check the packaging for age restrictions.
Cautions
- • Do not use for more than a few days to avoid rebound congestion.
- • Consult a doctor if you have heart problems or high blood pressure.
AI-assisted summary grounded in BNF data - general information only, not medical advice. Always confirm with your pharmacist or doctor.
Clinical monograph: xylomrtazoline
Xylometazoline is a sympathomimetic drug primarily used as a topical nasal decongestant. It works by stimulating alpha-adrenergic receptors in the nasal mucosa, leading to vasoconstriction and reduced nasal congestion. It is often used for temporary relief of nasal stuffiness due to colds, allergies, or sinusitis.
Indications
- Nasal congestion due to colds
- Allergic rhinitis
- Sinusitis
- Eustachian tube dysfunction
Dosage
Children: Refer to the BNF for Children for appropriate paediatric dosing guidelines.
Adults: Refer to specific dosing guidelines in the relevant compendium or clinical guidelines.
Mechanism of action
Xylometazoline is an alpha-1 adrenergic agonist. It binds to and activates alpha-adrenergic receptors on smooth muscle cells within the blood vessels of the nasal mucosa. This action causes vasoconstriction, which reduces blood flow to the area, thereby decreasing swelling and congestion.
Pharmacodynamics
The pharmacodynamic effects of xylometazoline include rapid onset of action, typically within minutes, and a duration of effect that can last several hours. It alleviates nasal congestion by reducing edema in the nasal mucosa, allowing for improved airflow through the nasal passages. Its sympathomimetic activity is primarily localized to the nasal cavity, with minimal systemic absorption when used as directed.
Pharmacokinetics
Xylometazoline is administered topically, which leads to minimal systemic absorption. Peak plasma concentrations are reached shortly after administration, but the systemic effects are usually negligible. The drug is metabolized in the liver and excreted primarily in urine. Given its local action and minimal systemic effects, the risk of systemic side effects is low when used as directed.
Contra-indications
- Hypersensitivity to xylometazoline or any of its components
- Severe hypertension
- Severe coronary artery disease
- Concurrent use of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) or within 14 days of discontinuation
Adverse effects
- Nasal irritation or burning
- Dryness of nasal mucosa
- Rebound congestion (rhinitis medicamentosa) with prolonged use
- Headache
- Nausea
- Increased blood pressure
- Tachycardia
- Dizziness
Interactions
- Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
- Other sympathomimetic agents
- Tricyclic antidepressants may enhance hypertensive effects
Precautions
- Use with caution in patients with cardiovascular disease, hyperthyroidism, or diabetes mellitus
- Limit use to the recommended duration to avoid rebound congestion
- Not recommended for children under 12 years without medical advice
Pregnancy
Xylometazoline is generally not recommended during pregnancy unless deemed necessary. Consult a healthcare provider.
Breast-feeding
Xylometazoline is excreted in breast milk, use with caution and consult a healthcare provider.
Storage
Store at room temperature, away from moisture and heat. Keep out of reach of children.
Formulations
- Nasal spray
- Nasal drops
AI-synthesized from BNF references - general information only, not a substitute for professional medical advice or the current BNF. Verify doses with a pharmacist.