ZENIQUIN 25

Indications

• Bacterial infections
• Respiratory tract infections
• Urinary tract infections
• Soft tissue infections
• Gastrointestinal infections

Dosage

Children: Refer to the BNF for Children for specific dosing guidelines.

Adults: Refer to the BNF for specific dosing guidelines.

Mechanism of action

Marbofloxacin exerts its bactericidal action by inhibiting bacterial topoisomerases, specifically DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. This inhibition interferes with DNA replication, transcription, and repair processes in bacteria, ultimately leading to cell death.

Pharmacodynamics

Marbofloxacin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that exhibits concentration-dependent killing, meaning its efficacy increases with higher drug concentrations. The drug has a post-antibiotic effect, allowing for prolonged antibacterial activity even after serum concentrations fall below the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The overall bactericidal activity is influenced by the drug's time above the MIC and its pharmacokinetic properties.

Pharmacokinetics

Marbofloxacin is well absorbed following oral administration, with peak plasma concentrations attained within 1 to 3 hours. The drug has a high volume of distribution and is widely distributed throughout body tissues. It is primarily metabolized in the liver, with renal excretion being the main route of elimination. The half-life of marbofloxacin is approximately 7 to 10 hours, allowing for once-daily dosing in many cases.

Contra-indications

• Hypersensitivity to marbofloxacin or any of the excipients
• History of tendon disorders related to fluoroquinolone use
• Pregnancy and lactation in certain species

Adverse effects

• Gastrointestinal disturbances such as nausea and diarrhea
• Central nervous system effects including dizziness and headache
• Potential for tendon damage and rupture
• Allergic reactions including skin rash and anaphylaxis

Interactions

• Antacids containing magnesium or aluminum may reduce the absorption of marbofloxacin
• Concurrent use with NSAIDs may increase the risk of CNS stimulation and seizures
• Theophylline and warfarin can have increased effects when administered with marbofloxacin

Precautions

• Use with caution in patients with a history of seizures or CNS disorders
• Monitor for signs of tendon damage, particularly in older patients or those on corticosteroids
• Assess renal function, as dosage adjustments may be necessary in cases of renal impairment

Pregnancy

Marbofloxacin is contraindicated during pregnancy due to potential risks to fetal cartilage development.

Breast-feeding

Use of marbofloxacin during breastfeeding should be avoided as it may pass into breast milk and affect the nursing infant.

Storage

Store in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight. Keep out of reach of children.

Formulations

• Tablets
• Injectable solution