DUOTECH DRENCH

Indications

• Nematode infections
• Trematode infections
• Parasitic infections in livestock

Dosage

Children: Refer to specific product guidelines or BNF for detailed dosing information.

Adults: Refer to specific product guidelines or BNF for detailed dosing information.

Mechanism of action

Closantel acts by inhibiting the oxidative phosphorylation process in the mitochondria of helminths. This disruption in energy production leads to paralysis and death of the parasites, making it effective against infections caused by nematodes and trematodes.

Pharmacodynamics

Closantel exhibits a high affinity for the mitochondrial complexes involved in oxidative phosphorylation. The drug's action on helminths results in reduced ATP production, which is critical for their survival and reproduction. Its selectivity for parasitic cells over host cells minimizes toxicity in treated animals.

Pharmacokinetics

Closantel is well absorbed following oral administration, with a significant volume of distribution indicating extensive tissue binding. The drug undergoes metabolism in the liver, with subsequent excretion primarily via the feces. Its half-life allows for effective dosing intervals, maximizing its anthelmintic efficacy.

Pregnancy

Safety in pregnancy has not been established. Use only if clearly needed.

Breast-feeding

Caution is advised. The effects on the nursing infant are unknown.

Storage

Store in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight.

Indications

• Gastrointestinal nematode infections
• Cestode infections
• Veterinary use in livestock and companion animals

Dosage

Children: Refer to the BNF for Children for specific dosing recommendations in paediatric patients.

Adults: Refer to the BNF for specific dosing information as it may vary based on the condition being treated.

Mechanism of action

Oxfendazole exerts its anthelmintic effect by binding to the parasite's beta-tubulin, disrupting microtubule formation. This inhibition of microtubule polymerization interferes with the cellular processes, including mitosis and transport mechanisms within the parasite, ultimately leading to its death.

Pharmacodynamics

The pharmacodynamics of oxfendazole involves its selective affinity for parasitic beta-tubulin compared to mammalian tubulin. This selectivity minimizes toxicity to host cells while effectively eliminating the parasites. The drug is known to exhibit a broad spectrum of activity against various helminths, with a primarily bactericidal effect.

Pharmacokinetics

Oxfendazole is well-absorbed following oral administration and undergoes extensive metabolism in the liver. The drug exhibits a relatively long half-life, allowing for sustained activity against parasites. It is primarily excreted in the urine and feces as both unchanged drug and metabolites. The pharmacokinetics can vary based on the formulation and the specific species being treated.

Adverse effects

• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Abdominal pain
• Liver enzyme elevation
• Allergic reactions

Precautions

• Use with caution in patients with liver impairment
• Monitor for signs of allergic reactions

Pregnancy

Oxfendazole should only be used during pregnancy if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.

Breast-feeding

It is not known whether oxfendazole is excreted in human milk. Caution should be exercised when administering to breastfeeding women.

Storage

Store in a cool, dry place, protected from light. Keep out of reach of children.

Formulations

• Tablets
• Suspension