MINNODERM 2% SOLUTION (Each bottle contains Minoxidil 20mg

Indications

• Androgenetic alopecia
• Severe hypertension

Dosage

Children: For children, application for scalp conditions should be as required, but specific dosing guidelines for minoxidil in children should be referred to in the BNF for Children.

Adults: For androgenetic alopecia, apply 1 mL to the affected areas of the scalp twice daily. For hypertension, refer to specific dosing guidelines in the BNF.

Mechanism of action

Minoxidil acts as a potassium channel opener, which leads to hyperpolarization of the cell membrane and relaxation of vascular smooth muscle. This results in vasodilation and a decrease in blood pressure. The precise mechanism for its hair growth promoting effects is not fully understood, but it is believed to enhance hair follicle size and prolong the anagen phase of hair growth.

Pharmacodynamics

Minoxidil’s vasodilatory effects lead to a reduction in peripheral vascular resistance and lower blood pressure. For hair growth, the drug appears to increase the size of hair follicles, improve blood flow to the scalp, and stimulate hair follicle cells. These effects contribute to visible improvements in hair density and thickness in patients with androgenetic alopecia.

Pharmacokinetics

Minoxidil is well-absorbed when applied topically, with a bioavailability of approximately 1.5% to 3% for the scalp application. After absorption, minoxidil is extensively metabolized in the liver, primarily to its active sulfate form. It has a half-life of about 4.2 hours and is primarily excreted in the urine. Its effects on blood pressure and hair growth are dose-dependent.

Contra-indications

• History of hypersensitivity to minoxidil or any of the excipients
• Use in patients with pheochromocytoma
• Use in patients with a history of angioedema

Adverse effects

• Hypertrichosis
• Headache
• Dizziness
• Edema
• Tachycardia
• Palpitations
• Skin irritation
• Flushing
• Chest pain

Interactions

• Caution when used with other antihypertensive agents as it may potentiate their effects
• Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may reduce the antihypertensive effect
• Use with caution in combination with vasodilators

Precautions

• Monitor patients for signs of fluid retention and adjust dosage accordingly
• Use with caution in patients with cardiovascular disease
• Discontinue if unexpected weight gain or peripheral edema occurs
• Avoid use in patients with renal impairment

Pregnancy

Manufacturer advises avoiding use during pregnancy due to potential risk to the fetus.

Breast-feeding

Minoxidil is excreted in breast milk; manufacturer advises avoiding use during breastfeeding.

Storage

Store at room temperature, away from moisture and heat. Keep out of reach of children.

Formulations

• Topical solution: 2% and 5% concentrations for scalp application
• Topical foam: 5% concentration for scalp application