TELTAS 40H TABLETS

Dosage

Children: Refer to the specific drug formulation for pediatric dosing guidelines.

Adults: Refer to the specific drug formulation for dosing guidelines.

Mechanism of action

The mechanism of action of hydrochloride salts varies depending on the active drug they are associated with. Generally, these salts improve the pharmacokinetic properties of the parent drug, aiding in its absorption through the gastrointestinal tract and enhancing its therapeutic effects.

Pharmacodynamics

The pharmacodynamics of hydrochloride salts also depend on the specific active ingredient. Typically, hydrochloride formulations are designed to provide immediate or extended release of the active compound, affecting its therapeutic efficacy and duration of action. The pharmacodynamic profile will be influenced by the drug's target receptors and its subsequent biological effects.

Pharmacokinetics

The pharmacokinetics of hydrochloride salts include absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion characteristics that can differ based on the specific drug. Generally, hydrochloride salts are well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Distribution can vary widely, as can metabolism, which is often hepatic. Excretion is primarily renal, with the rate dependent on the active ingredient's characteristics.

Contra-indications

• Hypersensitivity to hydrochloride or any of its components
• Severe renal impairment
• Acidosis

Adverse effects

• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Abdominal pain
• Hypokalemia
• Dizziness
• Headache
• Fatigue

Interactions

• May enhance the toxicity of other drugs that cause electrolyte imbalances
• May interact with diuretics, leading to increased risk of hypokalemia
• Concurrent use with other CNS depressants may enhance sedation

Precautions

• Use with caution in patients with hepatic impairment
• Monitor electrolytes regularly during prolonged therapy
• Caution in patients with a history of gastrointestinal disorders

Pregnancy

Hydrochloride should only be used during pregnancy if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Consult healthcare providers for specific guidance.

Breast-feeding

Caution is advised when using hydrochloride during breastfeeding, as it may be excreted in breast milk. Consult healthcare providers for recommendations.

Storage

Store at room temperature, away from moisture and light. Keep out of reach of children.

Formulations

• Tablets
• Solutions
• Injectable forms

Indications

• Hypertension
• Cardiovascular risk reduction in patients unable to take ACE inhibitors
• Heart failure

Dosage

Children: Refer to the BNF for Children for appropriate dosing in pediatric patients.

Adults: Refer to the BNF for specific dosing guidelines based on the condition being treated.

Mechanism of action

Telmisartan selectively blocks the angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor, inhibiting the vasoconstrictive and aldosterone-secreting effects of angiotensin II. This results in lowered blood pressure and reduced workload on the heart.

Pharmacodynamics

Telmisartan decreases plasma aldosterone levels, which leads to increased sodium and water excretion. Its antihypertensive effects are typically observed within 3 hours after oral administration, with peak effects occurring around 4 to 6 hours post-dose. The antihypertensive action is maintained over 24 hours.

Pharmacokinetics

Telmisartan is well absorbed after oral administration, with a bioavailability of about 50%. It is highly protein-bound (approximately 99.5%) and has a volume of distribution of about 15 liters. The drug undergoes minimal hepatic metabolism, primarily through glucuronidation, and is excreted mainly in the feces. The elimination half-life is approximately 24 hours, allowing for once-daily dosing.

Contra-indications

• Hypersensitivity to telmisartan or any of the excipients
• Pregnancy
• Severe hepatic impairment
• Biliary obstructive disorders
• Severe renal impairment or renal artery stenosis

Adverse effects

• Dizziness
• Fatigue
• Hypotension
• Hyperkalemia
• Renal impairment
• Angioedema
• Gastrointestinal disturbances

Interactions

• Other antihypertensive agents may enhance the hypotensive effect
• Potassium-sparing diuretics or potassium supplements may increase the risk of hyperkalemia
• NSAIDs may reduce the antihypertensive effect
• Lithium levels may increase when combined with telmisartan

Precautions

• Monitor renal function before and during treatment
• Caution in patients with a history of angioedema
• Use with caution in patients with heart failure or aortic stenosis
• Regular monitoring of potassium levels is advised

Pregnancy

Telmisartan is contraindicated in pregnancy due to potential harm to the fetus.

Breast-feeding

It is not known if telmisartan is excreted in human milk, use with caution.

Storage

Store at room temperature, away from moisture and heat.

Formulations

• Tablets: 20 mg, 40 mg, 80 mg