Imochem-120

Indications

• Babesiosis in animals
• Protozoal infections in veterinary medicine

Dosage

Children: For paediatric dosing, consult the BNF for Children for appropriate recommendations.

Adults: For adults, refer to the specific dosage guidelines as per the BNF.

Mechanism of action

Imidocarb exerts its effects by inhibiting the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, which is crucial for the synthesis of tetrahydrofolate, a form of folic acid necessary for DNA synthesis and cell division in protozoa. This disruption in folate metabolism leads to impaired nucleic acid synthesis, ultimately resulting in cell death.

Pharmacodynamics

The pharmacodynamics of imidocarb involves its action on protozoal organisms, leading to the inhibition of their growth and replication. The drug is effective against both the asexual and sexual stages of Babesia parasites, providing a therapeutic effect in treating infections. Its selectivity for protozoa over mammalian cells contributes to its therapeutic window.

Pharmacokinetics

Imidocarb is well absorbed after parenteral administration, with peak plasma concentrations occurring within a few hours. It is metabolized in the liver and has a half-life that varies depending on the route of administration and the species treated. The drug is excreted primarily via the urine, with some metabolites also eliminated in the feces. Its pharmacokinetic profile may differ amongst species, necessitating careful consideration when dosing.

Contra-indications

• Hypersensitivity to imidocarb or any of its components.
• History of seizures or epilepsy.
• Pregnancy.

Adverse effects

• Drowsiness.
• Ataxia.
• Vagal stimulation leading to bradycardia.
• Tremors.
• Gastrointestinal upset including vomiting and diarrhea.
• Hypersensitivity reactions including rash.

Interactions

• May enhance the effects of other anticholinergic drugs.
• Concurrent use with cholinesterase inhibitors may antagonize the effects of imidocarb.

Precautions

• Use with caution in patients with liver or kidney impairment.
• Monitor for signs of toxicity, especially in patients with a history of seizures.

Pregnancy

Imidocarb should not be used during pregnancy due to potential risk to the fetus.

Breast-feeding

It is not known if imidocarb is excreted in human milk, caution is advised.

Storage

Store in a cool, dry place, protected from light.

Formulations

• Injectable solution.