NEPODOX 50

Indications

• Respiratory tract infections
• Urinary tract infections
• Skin and soft tissue infections
• Otitis media

Dosage

Children: Refer to the BNF for Children for specific paediatric dosing recommendations.

Adults: Refer to the BNF for specific dosing guidelines.

Mechanism of action

Cefpodoxime exerts its bactericidal effect by inhibiting cell wall synthesis. The active metabolite binds preferentially to penicillin-binding protein 3, which leads to the inhibition of peptidoglycan production, the main component of bacterial cell walls. This mechanism is particularly effective against various Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, enhancing its therapeutic utility in treating infections.

Pharmacodynamics

Cefpodoxime demonstrates effectiveness against most Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, with notable exceptions including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus, and Bacteroides fragilis. Its ability to remain stable in the presence of beta-lactamase enzymes allows it to target bacteria that are otherwise resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics.

Pharmacokinetics

Cefpodoxime is well absorbed after oral administration, with its bioavailability enhanced by the presence of food. It is distributed widely in body tissues and fluids, with a significant volume of distribution. Cefpodoxime is primarily eliminated via renal excretion, with a half-life sufficient for twice-daily dosing in most cases. The active metabolite contributes to the antimicrobial activity and is also eliminated through renal pathways.

Adverse effects

• Diarrhea
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Rash
• Allergic reactions
• Elevated liver enzymes

Precautions

• Use with caution in patients with renal impairment
• Monitor for signs of superinfection
• Assess for history of penicillin allergy

Pregnancy

Cefpodoxime is classified as pregnancy category B. Animal studies have not demonstrated a risk to the fetus, but there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. It should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed.

Breast-feeding

Cefpodoxime is excreted in breast milk. Caution is advised when administering to nursing mothers, as adverse effects on the infant are possible.

Storage

Store at room temperature, away from moisture and heat. Keep out of reach of children.

Formulations

• Tablets
• Oral suspension

Mechanism of action

Cefpodoxime is active against a wide spectrum of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Cefpodoxime is stable in the presence of beta-lactamase enzymes. As a result, many organisms resistant to penicillins and cephalosporins, due to their production of beta-lactamase, may be susceptible to cefpodoxime. Cefpodoxime is inactivated by certain extended spectrum beta-lactamases. The bactericidal activity of cefpodoxime results from its inhibition of cell wall synthesis. The active metabolite of cefpodoxime binds preferentially to penicillin binding protein 3, which inhibits production of peptidoglycan, the primary constituent of bacterial cell walls.

Pharmacodynamics

Cefpodoxime is shown to be effective against most Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria, except <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, <i>Enterococcus</i>, and <i>Bacteroides fragilis</i>.