What it does
Sulbutamol is a medication that helps open the airways in the lungs, making it easier to breathe.
Commonly used for: asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), exercise-induced bronchospasm
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Source: Pharmacy and Poisons Board · fetched 2026-01-28 20:44:10 · updated 2026-09-20 02:02:17
About this medicine
Sulbutamol is a medication that helps open the airways in the lungs, making it easier to breathe.
What it treats
- asthma
- chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
- exercise-induced bronchospasm
How it works
It relaxes the muscles in the airways, allowing them to widen and improve airflow.
Who it's for
This medicine is for people who have breathing problems, such as asthma or COPD.
AI-assisted summary grounded in BNF data - general information only, not medical advice. Always confirm with your pharmacist or doctor.
Clinical monograph: sulbutamol
Sulbutamol is a selective beta-2 adrenergic agonist used primarily as a bronchodilator in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It works by relaxing the muscles of the airways, leading to dilation and improved airflow. Sulbutamol is commonly administered via inhalation, but can also be given orally or intravenously. It is known for its rapid onset of action, making it a popular choice for acute asthma attacks.
Indications
- Asthma
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
- Exercise-induced bronchospasm
Dosage
Children: Refer to the BNF for Children for specific dosing information.
Adults: Refer to the BNF for specific dosing information.
Mechanism of action
Sulbutamol exerts its effects by binding to beta-2 adrenergic receptors on the bronchial smooth muscle. This binding activates adenylate cyclase, leading to an increase in cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels. Elevated cAMP results in the phosphorylation of proteins that cause relaxation of smooth muscle, thus dilating the airways and facilitating easier breathing.
Pharmacodynamics
The primary pharmacodynamic effect of sulbutamol is bronchial smooth muscle relaxation, which results in bronchodilation. This effect is dose-dependent and can begin within minutes after administration, providing rapid relief from bronchospasm. Additionally, sulbutamol has some effects on other smooth muscles, such as those in the uterus and blood vessels, although these effects are not the primary therapeutic targets.
Pharmacokinetics
Sulbutamol is rapidly absorbed after inhalation, with peak plasma concentrations typically occurring within 30 minutes to 2 hours. Its bioavailability is affected by the route of administration; inhaled sulbutamol has a higher bioavailability compared to oral formulations due to first-pass metabolism. The drug is metabolized primarily in the liver, with a half-life of approximately 3 to 7 hours. Sulbutamol is excreted mainly in the urine as inactive metabolites.
Contra-indications
- Hypersensitivity to sulbutamol or any of its components
- Severe tachyarrhythmias
- Cardiac arrhythmias
Adverse effects
- Tremor
- Nervousness
- Palpitations
- Tachycardia
- Headache
- Dizziness
- Nausea
- Muscle cramps
- Hypokalemia
- Increase in blood glucose levels
Interactions
- Beta-blockers may reduce the effectiveness of sulbutamol
- Diuretics may increase the risk of hypokalemia
- Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) can potentiate the effects of sulbutamol
- Tricyclic antidepressants may enhance the cardiovascular effects
Precautions
- Use with caution in patients with cardiovascular disorders
- Caution in patients with hyperthyroidism
- Caution in patients with diabetes mellitus
- Risk of paradoxical bronchospasm
Pregnancy
Sulbutamol should only be used in pregnancy if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.
Breast-feeding
Sulbutamol is excreted in breast milk, caution is advised when administered to nursing mothers.
Storage
Store at room temperature, away from light and moisture. Do not freeze.
Formulations
- Inhalation aerosol
- Inhalation solution
- Tablet
- Syrup
AI-synthesized from BNF references - general information only, not a substitute for professional medical advice or the current BNF. Verify doses with a pharmacist.
This drug in other countries
The same active ingredient registered across other registries we cover - including different brands.