SII BCG VACCINE BP (FREEZE DRIED)

Indications

• Bladder cancer
• Tuberculosis vaccination

Dosage

Children: Refer to the BNF for Children for appropriate dosing based on indication.

Adults: Refer to specific guidelines based on indication. For bladder cancer, a common regimen is instillation once a week for six weeks.

Mechanism of action

BCG works by stimulating the immune system, particularly through the activation of T-cells and macrophages. It enhances the immune response against tumor cells and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, promoting the release of cytokines and other immune mediators that contribute to the destruction of cancerous cells and pathogens.

Pharmacodynamics

The pharmacodynamics of BCG involve the induction of a robust immune response characterized by the activation of both innate and adaptive immunity. This includes the proliferation of T-lymphocytes and the production of cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukins, leading to increased immune surveillance and anti-tumor activity. The effectiveness of BCG is influenced by factors such as the host's immune status and the presence of any concurrent infections.

Pharmacokinetics

BCG is administered locally, and its pharmacokinetics are determined by the route of administration. After intravesical administration, BCG remains in the bladder and exerts its effects locally, with minimal systemic absorption. The half-life and clearance of BCG can vary based on the patient's immune response and presence of any concurrent conditions.

Interactions

• normal immunoglobulin + bacillus calmette-gurin vaccine: Unknown (decreases efficacy)

Pregnancy

Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine can be administered during pregnancy if the potential benefit outweighs the potential risk.

Breast-feeding

BCG vaccine may be administered during breastfeeding; however, caution is advised.

Storage

Store at 2-8 degrees Celsius. Do not freeze.

Formulations

• Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine