Actilosa Capsules (Longum, Bifidobacterium Bifidum / Bifidobacterium Lactis Billoon/ Inulin 25mg)

Indications

• Prevention and treatment of antibiotic-associated diarrhea
• Management of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
• Support for gastrointestinal health
• Enhancement of immune function
• Lactose intolerance management

Dosage

Children: Refer to specific product guidelines, as doses can vary by formulation and indication.

Adults: Refer to specific product guidelines, as doses can vary by formulation and indication.

Mechanism of action

Bifidobacterium exerts its beneficial effects primarily through the modulation of the gut microbiota. It helps to inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria by producing organic acids, such as lactic acid and acetic acid, which lower the pH of the gut environment. Additionally, Bifidobacterium enhances the intestinal barrier function, promotes the production of mucus, and stimulates the immune response by interacting with gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT).

Pharmacodynamics

The pharmacodynamic effects of Bifidobacterium are characterized by its ability to restore and maintain the balance of gut microbiota, enhance intestinal barrier function, and modulate immune responses. Probiotics like Bifidobacterium can help reduce gastrointestinal symptoms, such as diarrhea and constipation, and have been associated with improvements in lactose digestion and overall gut health.

Pharmacokinetics

Bifidobacterium is not absorbed systemically; rather, it acts locally within the gastrointestinal tract. Its survival and efficacy can be influenced by factors such as the strain of bacteria, the presence of prebiotics, and the overall health of the digestive system. The bacteria can colonize the gut temporarily, providing a local effect, but regular intake is often necessary to maintain its benefits.

Adverse effects

• Bloating
• Gas
• Diarrhea
• Constipation

Precautions

• Patients with weakened immune systems should use caution as probiotics may lead to infections.
• Those with severe allergies should consult a healthcare provider before use.

Pregnancy

Generally considered safe for use during pregnancy, but it is advisable to consult a healthcare professional before starting.

Breast-feeding

Typically safe for breastfeeding mothers, but it is recommended to seek medical advice.

Storage

Store in a cool, dry place. Some formulations may require refrigeration.

Formulations

• Capsules
• Powders
• Tablets
• Liquid suspensions

Indications

• Management of gastrointestinal disorders
• Support for digestive health
• Enhancement of immune function
• Prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea
• Support during and after intestinal infections

Dosage

Children: Refer to specific product guidelines for dosing; pediatric doses vary based on age and specific health needs.

Adults: Refer to specific product guidelines for dosing; typical doses range from 1 to 10 billion CFU per day based on formulation.

Mechanism of action

Bifidobacterium bifidum exerts its effects primarily through the modulation of the gut microbiota. It helps inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria by producing lactic acid and other metabolites, which lower the pH of the gut. This acidic environment is unfavorable for harmful bacteria. Additionally, Bifidum enhances the intestinal barrier function and stimulates the immune response by interacting with gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT).

Pharmacodynamics

Bifidobacterium bifidum contributes to the maintenance of gut health through various mechanisms, including the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) such as acetate and propionate, which provide energy for colon cells and exhibit anti-inflammatory properties. Furthermore, it plays a role in the synthesis of vitamins and nutrients, enhancing nutrient absorption and overall gut function. Its presence is associated with a reduction in gastrointestinal disorders such as diarrhea and constipation.

Pharmacokinetics

Bifidobacterium bifidum is administered orally and survives the acidic conditions of the stomach to reach the intestines, where it colonizes and exerts its beneficial effects. Its viability and colonization ability can be influenced by factors such as the delivery form (e.g., capsules, powders) and the presence of prebiotics that support its growth. The effects are generally seen within days to weeks of consistent use, depending on the individual's gut microbiome and health status.

Adverse effects

• Gastrointestinal discomfort
• Bloating
• Gas
• Diarrhea

Precautions

• Use with caution in patients with compromised immune systems
• Monitor for gastrointestinal side effects

Pregnancy

Generally considered safe, but consult a healthcare provider before use.

Breast-feeding

Considered safe for breastfeeding mothers, but consult a healthcare provider.

Storage

Store in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight. Refrigeration may be required for some formulations.

Formulations

• Capsules
• Powder
• Tablets

Dosage

Children: Refer to specific guidelines or consult a healthcare professional for paediatric dosing information.

Adults: Refer to specific guidelines or consult a healthcare professional for dosing information.

Pregnancy

Safety during pregnancy has not been established. Use only if clearly needed and after assessing potential benefits versus risks.

Breast-feeding

It is not known whether billoon is excreted in human milk. Caution is advised when administering to nursing mothers.

Storage

Store at room temperature, away from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.

Indications

• Type 2 diabetes mellitus
• Hyperglycemia
• Irritable bowel syndrome
• Constipation
• Dysbiosis

Dosage

Children: Refer to the BNF for Children for appropriate pediatric dosing, as it is not universally established.

Adults: Refer to specific clinical guidelines and local protocols for appropriate dosing, as it may vary based on the condition being treated.

Mechanism of action

Inulin functions primarily as a prebiotic, stimulating the growth of beneficial gut bacteria and enhancing gut health. It may improve insulin sensitivity and glycemic control by modulating gut hormones, leading to increased secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), which enhances insulin secretion and decreases glucagon levels. Additionally, it may slow gastric emptying, contributing to a reduction in postprandial blood glucose levels.

Pharmacodynamics

Inulin's pharmacodynamics involve its role in carbohydrate metabolism and its effects on gut microbiota. By promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria, it can lead to improved intestinal barrier function and reduced inflammation. Inulin also aids in the modulation of lipid metabolism, potentially lowering cholesterol levels. Its effects on insulin sensitivity can help improve glycemic control in patients with insulin resistance.

Pharmacokinetics

Inulin is not absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract; it remains intact until it reaches the colon. It is fermented by intestinal bacteria, producing short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) that may have systemic effects. The fermentation of inulin results in an increase in stool bulk and may improve bowel regularity. The time to reach the colon varies, but fermentation typically begins within 24 hours of ingestion. The elimination route is primarily through feces, as it is not metabolized by human enzymes.

Contra-indications

• Hypoglycemia
• Hypersensitivity to inulin or its components

Adverse effects

• Hypoglycemia
• Allergic reactions including rash, itching, or swelling
• Gastrointestinal disturbances such as nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea
• Injection site reactions

Interactions

• Insulin and other antidiabetic agents may increase the risk of hypoglycemia
• Certain medications like corticosteroids, diuretics, and thiazide diuretics may reduce the effectiveness of inulin

Precautions

• Monitor blood glucose levels closely, especially when initiating therapy or adjusting doses
• Caution in patients with renal impairment as clearance may be affected
• Use with caution in patients with liver dysfunction

Pregnancy

Inulin is generally considered safe during pregnancy; however, blood glucose levels should be monitored closely.

Breast-feeding

Inulin is excreted in breast milk, but it is typically considered safe during breastfeeding; consult with a healthcare provider for individualized advice.

Storage

Store in a refrigerator (2-8°C). Do not freeze. Keep out of reach of children.

Formulations

• Injectable forms (e.g., insulin syringes or pens)
• Inhalable formulations (in some regions)

Indications

• Management of antibiotic-associated diarrhea
• Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome
• Support for lactose intolerance
• General gastrointestinal health
• Enhancement of immune function

Dosage

Children: Refer to specific probiotic product guidelines or consult a healthcare professional for appropriate dosing in children.

Adults: Refer to specific probiotic product guidelines or consult a healthcare professional for appropriate dosing.

Mechanism of action

Lactobacillus works by colonizing the gut and competing with pathogenic bacteria for resources and attachment sites. They produce lactic acid, which lowers the pH of the gut, creating an unfavorable environment for harmful bacteria. Additionally, they may enhance the production of mucus and stimulate the immune response, leading to improved gut barrier function and reduced inflammation.

Pharmacodynamics

The pharmacodynamics of Lactobacillus involves the modulation of gut microbiota composition, enhancement of intestinal barrier integrity, and stimulation of local immunity. They can produce various metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids, which further contribute to gut health and metabolic processes. The interaction with host immune cells can lead to an increase in the production of immunoglobulins and cytokines, boosting the overall immune response.

Pharmacokinetics

Lactobacillus is administered orally and typically survives the gastrointestinal transit to reach the intestines, where they exert their effects. Their viability and efficacy depend on factors such as the strain used, dose, and the health status of the host. They do not undergo significant metabolism or systemic absorption, as their action is primarily local within the gut. The duration of presence in the gut can vary, and regular consumption may be necessary to maintain beneficial effects.

Pregnancy

Lactis is generally considered safe during pregnancy, but it is advisable to consult a healthcare provider before use.

Breast-feeding

Lactis is likely safe during breastfeeding, but consulting a healthcare provider is recommended.

Storage

Store in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight.

Indications

• Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
• Diarrhea
• Constipation
• Gut dysbiosis
• Support for immune function
• Enhancement of gut health

Dosage

Adults: Refer to specific product guidelines and consult a healthcare professional for dosing recommendations, as doses can vary based on formulation and intended

Mechanism of action

Bifidobacterium longum exerts its beneficial effects primarily through the modulation of the gut microbiota. It helps in the fermentation of dietary fibers, producing short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) that nourish colon cells and maintain gut barrier integrity. Moreover, it competes for adhesion sites and nutrients against pathogenic bacteria, thereby inhibiting their growth. This strain also has immunomodulatory effects, enhancing the host's immune response by promoting the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines and increasing the activity of immune cells.

Pharmacodynamics

The pharmacodynamics of Bifidobacterium longum involve its ability to balance the gut microbiome, enhance mucosal immunity, and improve intestinal permeability. It has been shown to lower the pH of the gut, creating an unfavorable environment for pathogenic organisms. Additionally, it can alleviate symptoms associated with gastrointestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), diarrhea, and constipation by promoting regular bowel movements and reducing inflammation in the gut.

Pharmacokinetics

Bifidobacterium longum is not absorbed into the systemic circulation but acts locally within the gastrointestinal tract. Its effects are primarily exerted in the intestines, where it colonizes and interacts with the gut environment. The survival and efficacy of this probiotic can be influenced by factors such as the formulation, dosage, and the individual's existing gut microbiota. Generally, ingestion of probiotics leads to transient colonization, with the bacteria being excreted in feces within a few days after discontinuation of use.

Pregnancy

Safety during pregnancy has not been established. Consult healthcare professionals before use.

Breast-feeding

Safety during breastfeeding has not been established. Consult healthcare professionals before use.

Storage

Store in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight and moisture.